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Introduction to Data Goods

  • Introduction to Data Goods

Understanding Egypt's Economy through Alternative Data

  • Foundational Datasets, Data Products, & Sample Indicators

Data Products

  • Business Activity Trends
  • Nighttime Lights Trends
    • Nighttime Lights Trends in Egypt
  • Spatial Inequality in Egypt
    • Demographics of Egypt
    • Places and Points of Interest from OpenStreetMap
    • Gender Equality Survey at Home

Acknowledgements

  • Data Goods Team and Acknowledgements
  • Repository
  • Suggest edit
  • Open issue
  • .ipynb

Nighttime Lights Trends in Egypt

Contents

  • Data
    • Region of Interest
    • NASA Black Marble
  • Methodology
    • Monthly
    • Time Series Generation
  • Findings
    • Nightlights Concentration
    • Nightlights Trends
      • Year-over-Year Comparison
      • Benchmark Comparison
      • Regional Comparison
  • Limitations
  • References

Nighttime Lights Trends in Egypt#

The purpose of this notebook is to conduct an examination of the spatial and temporal distribution of lights during the night in Egypt. The dataset utilized is derived from NASA’s Black Marble.

Data#

Region of Interest#

Define region of interest for which we want to download nighttime lights data. Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
EGY = geopandas.read_file(
    "../../data/shapefiles/egy_admbnda_adm1_capmas_20170421/egy_admbnda_adm1_capmas_20170421.shp"
)
EGY.explore()
Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 2 Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.#

NASA Black Marble#

NASA’s Black Marble [1] product suite represents a remarkable advancement in our ability to monitor and understand nocturnal light emissions on a global scale. By utilizing cutting-edge satellite technology and image processing techniques, the Black Marble VIIRS dataset offers a comprehensive and high-resolution view of the Earth’s nighttime illumination patterns.

EGY_VNP46A4r = bm_raster(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A4",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2022-01-01", freq="YS"),
    bearer=bearer,
)
Show code cell source Hide code cell source
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(20, 6))

# Select first and last periods
periods = [EGY_VNP46A4r["time"][0], EGY_VNP46A4r["time"][-1]]

for i, t in enumerate(periods):
    ax = axs[i]

    EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time=t).plot.imshow(
        ax=ax,
        cmap=cc.cm.bmy,
        robust=True,
        vmax=10,
    )
../../_images/444ec5de2b8aab97badee5ee1cac879cbcdab0cde07aa9c60ce70e56ea307462.svg
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 3 Nasa Black Marble 2012 and 2022 (latest available) yearly composites (VNP46A4).#

In the step next, we download the daily, monthly and yearly nighlights data from NASA Black Marble for Egypt.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
EGY_VNP46A4 = bm_extract(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A4",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2022-01-01", freq="YS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)
EGY_VNP46A3 = bm_extract(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A3",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2023-10-01", freq="MS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)
EGY_VNP46A2 = bm_extract(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A2",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2023-01-01", "2023-12-31", freq="D"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)

Methodology#

Creating a time series of nightly radiance using NASA’s Black Marble data involves several steps, including data acquisition, pre-processing, zonal statistics calculation, and time series generation. Below is a general methodology for this process.

Monthly#

In this step, we compute a monthy aggregation of the zonal statistics by for each second-level administrative division and for each month. We use both the average lights and sum of lights (SOL) [2]). Additionaly, we add the VNP46A3 monthly composite and VNP46A4 yearly composite, when available.

Time Series Generation#

Organize the zonal statistics results in a tabular format, where each columnn corresponds to a specific zone, and rows represent the radiance values. Next, we aggregate the data temporally, computing the desired statistical metric for each zone for each time slot. Finally, we will visualize the time series data to observe trends, patterns, and anomalies over time.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
EGY_TABLE = EGY_VNP46A3.pivot_table(
    index="date",
    columns=["ADM1_EN"],
    values=[VAR],
)
Loading BokehJS ...

Findings#

Nightlights Concentration#

The average nighttime lights radiance for urban areas can vary significantly based on multiple factors such as city size, population density, infrastructure, economic activity and geographical location. In general, larger and more densely populated urban areas tend to have higher nighttime lights radiance due to increased artificial lighting from street lights, buildings, and other sources. “Nightlights Concentration” refers to the density and distribution of artificial lighting visible during nighttime within urban and rural areas. It may serve as a key indicator of urban development, economic activity, and population density.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(20, 10))

EGY_VNP46A3_2023["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].plot.pcolormesh(
    ax=ax, cmap=cc.cm.kr, vmax=10, robust=True
)
cx.add_basemap(
    ax=ax, crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)
ax.set_title(f"{COUNTRY}: Nightlights Concentration", fontsize=16);
../../_images/020b69a020c39f3375383d50341a34b37f0445c66540621e918f363c19b838fa.png
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 4 Nightlights concentration in Egypt as of October 2023 (NASA Black Marble VNP46A3).#

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(20, 6))

EGY_VNP46A3_2012["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].plot.pcolormesh(
    ax=axs[0],
    cmap=cc.cm.kr,
    robust=True,
    vmax=10,
)
cx.add_basemap(
    axs[0], crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)

EGY_VNP46A3_2023["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].plot.pcolormesh(
    ax=axs[1],
    cmap=cc.cm.kr,
    robust=True,
    vmax=10,
)
cx.add_basemap(
    axs[1], crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)
../../_images/2b22ea392c62171cd5bd30c84cbb5096e0b77005d3ce9779511c42693e8cc71a.png

Areas with higher nightlights concentration often denote bustling urban centers or regions with significant industrial and commercial activity. We select nightlights above thresholds.

../../_images/c83d6c9179e74bbecf852a0e25b7195c4fef3bb59fe2527e02cb6970a16f5382.svg
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 5 Areas with higher nightlights radiance above the respective threshold.#

Now, we estimate the area percentage above the threshold (1, 10, 100) for each administrative division.

Area (%)
shapeISO shapeName Threshold
EG-ALX Alexandria 1 61.955594
10 18.865642
100 1.316539
EG-ASN Aswan 1 3.830535
10 0.708651
100 0.045506
EG-AST Asyut 1 12.830261
10 2.599845
100 0.050416
EG-BA Red Sea 1 0.964987
10 0.278842
100 0.019664
EG-BH Beheira 1 58.290564
10 4.781792
100 0.147597
EG-BNS Beni Suef 1 18.737753
10 2.779056
100 0.015335
EG-C Cairo 1 80.105003
10 46.374305
100 4.873379
EG-DK Dakahlia 1 83.545064
10 12.210300
100 2.532189
EG-DT Damietta 1 85.626911
10 21.442706
100 6.314085
EG-FYM Faiyum 1 35.262882
10 5.205192
100 0.114724
EG-GH Gharbiyya 1 98.682503
10 14.372692
100 0.029943
EG-GZ Giza 1 9.523296
10 3.067822
100 0.144709
EG-IS Ismailia 1 40.012766
10 4.991489
100 0.119149
EG-JS South Sinai 1 2.905969
10 0.858625
100 0.073211
EG-KB Qalyubia 1 99.937304
10 50.642633
100 0.736677
EG-KFS Kafr el-Sheikh 1 71.314932
10 4.759835
100 0.030428
EG-KN Qena 1 12.240188
10 2.569660
100 0.007796
EG-LX Luxor Governate 1 61.800958
10 18.060507
100 0.050932
EG-MN Minya Governate 1 11.349890
10 1.634934
100 0.016207
EG-MNF Monufia 1 95.776664
10 15.613815
100 0.107373
EG-MT Matrouh 1 2.423757
10 0.478989
100 0.033034
EG-PTS Port Said 1 35.094142
10 7.819038
100 3.451883
EG-SHG Sohag 1 16.531440
10 4.676583
100 0.060101
EG-SHR Al Sharqia 1 90.163620
10 15.440160
100 0.318789
EG-SIN North Sinai 1 3.129115
10 0.415121
100 0.002674
EG-SUZ Suez 1 16.718151
10 3.540096
100 0.115326
EG-WAD New Valley 1 0.689880
10 0.114560
100 0.004331

Next, we visualize the percentage of areas with higher nightlights radiance with threshold 10 for each second-level administrative division. This threshold should indicate urban centers or areas with significant commercial or industrial activities. Please note that

Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 6 Nightlights concentration in area percentage using threshold 10 in Egypt.#

Finally, we estimate the percentage of areas with higher nightlights radiance (with thresholds 1, 10, 100) nationally.

shapeName Threshold Area (%)
0 Egypt 1 6.128890
0 Egypt 10 1.227392
0 Egypt 100 0.070555

Nightlights Trends#

Year-over-Year Comparison#

In this step, we calculate the difference between the 2012 and 2022 (latest available) VNP46A4 yearly composites.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(20, 10))

delta = (
    (
        EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time="2022-01-01")
        - EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time="2012-01-01")
    )
    / EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time="2012-01-01")
).plot.pcolormesh(ax=ax, cmap="Spectral", robust=True, vmin=-4, vmax=4)
cx.add_basemap(
    ax, crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)

ax.text(
    0,
    -0.1,
    "Source: NASA Black Marble",
    ha="left",
    va="center",
    transform=ax.transAxes,
    fontsize=10,
    color="black",
    weight="normal",
)
ax.set_title(f"{COUNTRY}: Nightlights Trends (2012-2022)", fontsize=20);
../../_images/0c28b027d76c2823deb7915b6372e08f7f55ba26627ccbfaba82d325f7d7d710.png
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 7 Difference between 2012 and 2022 in sum of lights (SOL) based on NASA Black Marble’s VNP46A4 yearly composites. Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.#

Benchmark Comparison#

In this exploratory analysis, we conducted analysis of NTL radiance trends, comparing the observed average radiance levels in 2012-2022 for each second-level administrative division.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
EGY_benchmark = 100 * (EGY_TABLE / EGY_TABLE[(EGY_TABLE.index.year <= 2022)].mean() - 1)
EGY_benchmark = EGY_benchmark[EGY_benchmark < 250]

pd.set_option("display.max_rows", None)
EGY_benchmark.style.map(
    lambda x: "background-color: #DF4661" if x < -100 else "background-color: white"
)
  ntl_sum
shapeName Al Sharqia Alexandria Aswan Asyut Beheira Beni Suef Cairo Dakahlia Damietta Faiyum Gharbiyya Giza Ismailia Kafr el-Sheikh Luxor Governate Matrouh Minya Governate Monufia New Valley North Sinai Port Said Qalyubia Qena Red Sea Sohag South Sinai Suez
date                                                      
2012-01-01 00:00:00 -36.941038 -28.734946 nan nan -65.633412 nan -18.419533 24.825911 10.140702 nan 9.990900 131.110724 29.016202 -3.736534 nan -28.442730 120.447268 -16.868786 44.851967 -22.334668 61.407021 -5.667708 145.527850 55.541400 -3.123755 4.752909 -0.547099
2012-02-01 00:00:00 -35.206696 -49.764967 165.262635 -29.123010 -69.932506 -70.382481 -23.697042 19.282348 9.717100 -56.793390 6.178404 -41.303381 -78.443186 152.321128 -0.146886 -37.338744 -75.600706 -20.176903 22.181670 -15.137199 77.105086 -10.514891 -18.648350 66.721691 -18.163835 19.711155 -7.355361
2012-03-01 00:00:00 -52.098211 -42.766048 nan 6.321569 -72.724096 -33.619295 -19.269837 2.043723 0.896503 -15.680657 0.267168 -21.070572 -84.592710 138.937134 -27.046337 -10.726653 -24.341507 -19.840298 25.275078 -7.511470 46.226132 -5.172073 107.494255 70.240516 52.329611 33.232014 -6.330532
2012-04-01 00:00:00 -53.270893 -33.993528 nan -51.351437 -65.647572 -30.390176 -13.039083 -1.947400 -0.482117 -57.999924 19.271708 -30.260762 -27.666836 77.448014 -47.499836 -25.202573 -51.005926 -9.973808 -17.452076 -14.803692 21.680312 10.559694 -25.158927 69.209362 -20.441646 -0.482940 2.104367
2012-05-01 00:00:00 -60.270518 -37.361997 nan -64.049577 -66.462366 -49.738121 -13.216430 10.146298 2.577614 -72.762890 17.345507 -34.853379 -48.441967 107.291578 -47.770424 -25.063039 -79.672445 -15.902010 -20.679637 0.131251 32.859661 1.928410 -16.699889 71.041581 -39.495915 1.203377 4.987920
2012-06-01 00:00:00 94.873782 -21.345145 nan -23.788315 -15.877892 93.773359 -13.381462 -1.701747 -2.296721 8.361975 9.408828 42.321636 110.265661 30.556243 -54.013161 -22.493585 66.642146 -4.486702 25.583603 -12.790267 24.625628 0.393418 -32.082618 63.793782 -43.403009 -4.807073 2.225538
2012-07-01 00:00:00 124.981419 -18.823202 nan -48.889387 nan 70.750798 -3.055002 -0.074672 -0.074324 0.807749 10.312709 99.230540 184.371260 -1.743555 -56.220303 -27.609203 -29.054691 -13.055201 9.946830 -15.423474 16.088777 16.043645 -36.614559 66.302684 -49.292587 -3.938809 -4.391791
2012-08-01 00:00:00 212.535811 62.569204 nan 214.452207 77.625092 nan 2.144139 0.337508 -1.152467 205.224582 8.437816 23.343150 nan 208.510702 -15.955083 -21.102713 189.638516 -9.972835 30.566973 -12.300375 22.747870 20.032380 100.029216 68.816006 -18.842643 14.757260 4.558288
2012-09-01 00:00:00 nan 206.243472 46.768063 nan nan 192.805830 -10.197032 4.941506 -1.191095 152.233127 13.443891 106.515957 nan 157.144570 9.803422 28.295248 nan nan 12.865965 -5.503517 25.778977 9.168535 66.513946 70.459257 232.662260 -3.628080 1.156991
2012-10-01 00:00:00 -47.062228 35.469348 0.097813 -58.968359 nan -8.076235 -13.781195 12.703640 1.315105 -56.533287 13.846443 -16.556167 -37.268761 -13.063678 -46.066962 2.527986 65.840836 -4.326372 12.944325 -4.850904 40.064100 4.891425 -19.888213 75.341729 -8.801111 15.337390 -5.665979
2012-11-01 00:00:00 -57.806157 -11.473738 36.916927 -46.644628 -69.626147 -60.014800 -16.765083 6.608371 3.967941 -63.349842 3.440583 -37.394272 -62.501612 -27.983137 -31.795046 -9.901783 -19.899420 -24.489670 -6.225220 -14.414601 32.682726 -1.000867 -27.938000 63.208156 -46.288320 7.674997 0.095460
2012-12-01 00:00:00 -47.050589 -1.644396 88.189824 -68.447763 -73.650585 -29.684391 -16.688725 3.719024 1.664058 -31.396430 3.504107 -18.278873 -79.654225 -1.087308 -13.173535 -28.268330 -22.309095 -25.338780 15.430879 -19.425556 29.179355 -0.204356 -24.394036 68.623835 -29.618628 -3.399813 -1.979565
2013-01-01 00:00:00 -64.828235 -40.548120 73.945270 -64.987473 -73.106734 -70.449516 -17.632669 2.498317 2.378412 -56.501124 1.444924 -36.141789 -87.658502 -36.219392 -43.621546 -34.477443 -33.000432 -23.626114 44.497980 17.688744 25.601942 -8.543288 -22.113304 65.100193 -47.848260 14.094861 -5.344565
2013-02-01 00:00:00 -62.853092 -52.781100 37.044157 -56.940163 -72.033987 -47.999479 -18.982173 1.801521 0.159058 -55.338383 2.148576 -38.472123 -84.484518 -33.039300 -43.725441 -26.157908 11.885564 -22.238001 32.682664 -23.829977 35.672211 -8.936287 -24.020984 64.028018 -42.886677 -4.949982 -2.208279
2013-03-01 00:00:00 -43.057634 -29.841913 126.741921 -67.786463 -70.249717 -74.076015 -14.481596 7.004505 4.522245 -60.023679 10.130513 -36.236418 -84.991050 -1.854721 -44.328807 -8.539697 -71.896856 -18.789988 46.499608 65.477566 74.013028 -2.070837 -24.666019 60.364922 -46.019864 13.784325 7.190189
2013-04-01 00:00:00 -56.943422 -31.127863 84.276558 -5.909964 -70.036514 -10.602343 -11.367841 -0.145840 -0.785687 -15.036658 13.492407 -31.362786 -85.697200 -16.927900 -46.027453 -30.660911 105.814170 -15.758745 34.495027 -9.537856 21.181275 1.983883 -24.838308 62.746513 -25.323138 11.692071 9.036904
2013-05-01 00:00:00 -24.691340 -39.065331 59.470066 -70.067027 -70.559630 8.498965 -14.723875 -3.233715 -2.588744 -70.756292 3.639299 -35.237514 -23.870683 -19.614302 -55.115512 -6.611473 -19.786630 -24.031507 11.556007 1.070715 19.979719 -3.551066 -36.616850 64.852573 -51.779408 21.949794 18.423767
2013-06-01 00:00:00 -58.176476 -47.277985 26.247083 -70.873453 -70.548388 -55.866014 -15.831473 -6.549837 -0.164924 -71.614163 -0.720714 -36.429676 -47.290825 -28.588266 -57.852186 -23.002804 -75.751270 -28.166054 -53.898271 -10.027172 13.769366 -4.196713 -38.586061 55.352903 -55.291945 -0.911085 5.871607
2013-07-01 00:00:00 nan -5.631899 217.032403 -64.499652 nan 136.558386 4.701512 1.742069 -1.233625 10.190368 5.738040 123.192919 245.843315 78.970722 -56.506744 -25.027864 -43.403898 nan -18.244533 -11.881331 18.771917 32.936867 -35.203519 60.538047 -50.193382 1.455784 4.669205
2013-08-01 00:00:00 nan 199.904268 25.034697 154.252822 nan nan -10.585168 -1.958249 -1.828285 150.698444 -1.522445 -0.182306 nan nan -58.923137 -7.589515 204.309925 -1.698426 -60.335039 nan 21.382470 18.059570 -39.537511 62.944097 5.543449 9.404380 -0.582317
2013-09-01 00:00:00 23.695662 -18.018175 -24.496350 nan 175.593455 nan -17.095089 -4.765523 -1.282875 115.653995 3.875014 52.588598 -9.904064 16.847224 -56.762638 -10.530200 nan 103.333603 -4.642867 71.518129 15.551982 2.438961 -5.657633 59.921332 nan -10.415836 -2.696877
2013-10-01 00:00:00 -52.621187 -28.936533 -6.225251 nan -65.353134 181.382169 -20.953596 -0.887149 -0.567540 60.670893 11.750728 42.082659 21.338805 -19.609109 -8.063636 -11.533970 nan -19.535055 48.399873 nan 11.492308 4.616049 -0.505597 56.874256 122.711573 -6.475045 2.115971
2013-11-01 00:00:00 -62.115889 -34.506958 -45.538807 -44.988311 -67.578606 9.199950 -18.883682 1.947741 -0.026456 -32.408415 2.714825 -31.318784 -75.157938 -29.797429 -28.146494 -25.284947 21.246145 -20.517400 32.285272 -5.573214 29.444657 -2.121977 23.663597 56.734827 83.970434 11.206183 -9.208013
2013-12-01 00:00:00 -53.220786 31.227944 184.280012 61.708429 -75.003884 -73.117610 -20.658468 20.115868 7.131859 -60.141116 -0.931647 -37.874827 -69.998589 -40.038691 126.587083 22.231748 -41.029039 -23.271095 54.812849 -25.215557 36.992033 -9.301160 152.562232 62.761387 88.897674 23.639394 -12.230145
2014-01-01 00:00:00 -57.878482 -38.023285 121.778304 9.255252 -75.714743 -63.825295 -19.732035 2.648467 -1.389942 -62.259066 -4.754149 -42.085640 -78.651251 -1.543637 -37.655130 -11.279017 -71.246050 -30.266749 62.003441 -30.331344 37.239537 -10.408561 -12.388677 63.001557 163.649514 -1.803103 -8.474374
2014-02-01 00:00:00 -44.531509 -19.487634 nan 55.829555 -73.711909 -6.862997 -15.807733 4.656184 4.127758 26.067389 -3.718682 5.474272 5.269478 61.467279 nan -22.280678 141.819826 -29.252143 77.979104 -23.980314 50.462321 -8.519565 48.103203 65.430129 10.142590 -5.290837 -4.869460
2014-03-01 00:00:00 -65.280201 -55.547480 -33.200896 -71.743621 -73.781512 -4.028328 -17.390102 -3.198007 -2.908080 -57.503286 -2.055419 -36.690518 -84.052411 -29.442061 -51.429768 -8.410641 -45.266438 -27.221434 50.660558 -21.528837 19.146314 -3.643048 -32.519035 64.520998 -57.299138 18.343098 -5.498525
2014-04-01 00:00:00 -61.830947 -53.796108 -53.950120 -63.229252 -73.012321 -30.757544 -15.114423 -1.597525 0.793469 1.083509 -2.843305 -17.102221 -85.870858 -24.886329 -54.983389 -16.602115 -52.283703 -26.914320 -6.251184 -13.911461 21.572945 -4.925037 -37.842378 68.826932 -55.785862 1.760333 0.662995
2014-05-01 00:00:00 -64.834594 -7.373652 -43.194164 -72.900436 -72.666645 -69.929784 -15.096424 -4.303590 -0.920923 -50.527108 0.557331 -35.987600 -87.653767 -29.719613 -57.634032 31.537294 -75.796130 -26.163639 10.960775 -14.060070 21.208932 -2.149465 -42.368035 67.667077 -60.165769 15.371958 -8.085357
2014-06-01 00:00:00 -63.197994 3.135904 -28.665037 -75.667226 -74.850734 -57.422904 -13.338431 -5.523124 -1.395819 -69.931487 -11.747157 -38.357665 -58.653773 -36.364911 -61.669627 1.688551 -87.971016 -32.627550 -28.092983 130.584839 -12.606741 -6.110641 -45.726487 -1.219775 -64.114481 -4.742765 -4.004664
2014-07-01 00:00:00 -40.534137 -20.674331 -48.765111 -74.631864 -6.735144 38.658935 -2.533239 -7.226065 -0.779883 -19.211211 -10.641418 -30.274161 -68.116148 -36.173194 -64.035110 -16.753981 -22.379824 -20.943228 -59.686207 186.343840 -17.599007 10.947864 -47.675340 -51.885011 -65.232086 -6.387368 -5.785261
2014-08-01 00:00:00 nan 130.315290 -88.349310 77.424515 54.682080 nan -19.814852 -7.715118 -1.435735 nan -18.721201 57.679488 nan 2.390838 -38.506769 2.036423 nan -36.908281 -52.343527 104.591466 -21.228969 -8.615169 -36.162366 -45.901782 83.618742 1.337595 -14.458455
2014-09-01 00:00:00 4.324653 18.390612 58.686844 180.038798 20.350257 97.744071 -17.448720 -2.173169 -2.434277 55.019807 -7.907785 -25.738528 56.216862 -31.861117 nan -11.542627 204.415288 -27.386780 27.357501 19.720025 -8.395065 -5.450575 87.833829 -39.219472 79.026351 -4.959831 -3.784855
2014-10-01 00:00:00 159.268015 17.676947 -6.762238 189.031733 -3.982423 nan -16.006925 -6.572521 -3.881111 133.397333 -2.120107 86.758108 57.083508 -25.824684 39.418268 0.050558 nan -0.173561 -16.200214 -12.532217 -14.490160 -2.689990 -5.191956 -24.280980 -7.609445 20.986322 -6.012761
2014-11-01 00:00:00 12.177750 68.091779 192.655003 112.192612 -73.281501 106.839894 -19.588877 3.739542 0.819106 106.667697 -5.612772 24.402866 -6.224123 -37.962428 nan 2.569997 77.282889 -27.958268 52.255811 -24.730849 -9.160182 -7.508335 52.007978 -18.600993 -19.408786 -3.698569 -5.337278
2014-12-01 00:00:00 -41.693963 -13.407645 -85.491024 137.491842 -74.773227 49.255052 -17.321810 3.007664 1.680822 52.118497 -7.660437 21.272923 -78.418591 15.392400 94.975689 35.712211 -45.548442 -32.470288 35.224277 -11.064557 7.527176 -9.192842 109.610880 -4.785010 183.442364 -0.222615 -2.093854
2015-01-01 00:00:00 -55.861572 -23.056276 36.477770 -20.992894 -78.512113 -78.397360 -17.854682 6.834299 1.354787 -57.539747 -16.817338 -39.568649 -89.405724 -18.184628 -31.629693 -11.209079 19.148396 -36.385073 42.224238 -25.549640 16.607469 -11.678263 -33.936228 -4.625443 46.102170 12.044320 -5.485976
2015-02-01 00:00:00 -57.285497 -16.110236 -92.718288 -42.978208 -75.012800 -60.783039 -14.361173 9.986676 5.681274 -60.261948 -9.905073 -29.923475 -88.658085 1.364461 84.630046 -13.810651 -74.509272 -35.163129 29.595613 -24.589727 3.181484 -6.934427 27.554888 -16.072450 -35.152711 -8.659223 -7.099525
2015-03-01 00:00:00 -59.497968 -11.116371 -60.633927 -58.696408 -77.052914 -36.570364 -14.931392 2.215106 1.457847 -69.437413 -10.046083 -34.847661 -81.887416 -27.229574 -42.303114 78.624121 -79.582688 -33.708399 -12.144594 -26.731602 -14.560181 0.549893 -37.750670 -21.542287 -26.814916 7.589252 -5.708753
2015-04-01 00:00:00 -57.244281 -41.785151 -77.715872 -71.437008 -75.652841 -48.720191 -11.292372 -4.454177 0.105404 -60.311014 -6.312817 -32.392783 -88.629587 17.041310 -53.221760 -5.557550 -43.440005 -29.906790 37.109734 -35.370523 -12.211203 -3.840222 -36.720079 15.607377 -60.914771 7.790482 -2.930854
2015-05-01 00:00:00 -65.032060 -32.038839 -92.399313 -74.269066 -75.380222 -70.701825 -11.872810 1.429932 -2.150681 -69.478497 -8.063338 -34.949652 -86.988658 -5.250950 -59.296766 -6.153678 -86.871024 -26.532206 38.089774 -27.927964 -11.038624 -4.931003 -43.467030 -19.781285 -65.831000 26.846332 -0.599723
2015-06-01 00:00:00 -59.422189 2.084678 -92.376786 -73.153081 -54.397043 -63.955750 -0.126172 -4.736545 -2.401937 -70.656932 -2.319522 -28.390468 -84.721402 -31.949686 -60.531790 -2.907406 -81.923253 -11.623450 -45.134580 -28.078013 -18.380075 12.140145 -44.314662 -51.386046 -62.902170 10.063110 0.699023
2015-07-01 00:00:00 nan 4.643499 -89.524514 -12.827633 57.057712 nan 2.389692 -4.904325 -2.468825 129.867627 -3.184078 133.762762 nan -25.550048 -19.266588 -4.587444 223.921118 86.068088 27.035914 -35.320411 -14.492330 21.403723 -34.270397 -2.638549 -60.700190 8.122647 -1.626036
2015-08-01 00:00:00 73.861992 -11.537370 -84.140331 56.960478 -60.999912 184.848419 -12.652957 -4.357997 -2.597059 196.401754 -10.998247 0.910343 nan -37.981290 -64.478489 -17.071144 nan -31.837198 -17.090184 -40.168644 -19.232327 -3.290463 -48.524412 38.150770 -47.693321 1.711667 -10.886330
2015-09-01 00:00:00 -66.994681 -37.756651 -88.831331 -74.507153 -73.882688 42.520851 -17.187810 -4.233111 -1.130046 -77.710456 -7.302910 -37.747166 -87.898394 -32.912005 -69.016788 -1.548549 -66.833934 -32.733989 -54.009544 -40.511079 -14.566137 -3.360923 -51.346361 2.269426 -32.009301 -15.481741 -13.152018
2015-10-01 00:00:00 -64.956614 -15.947571 -90.787670 -44.029550 -75.174649 -62.893598 -15.664346 2.688658 -1.590124 -57.078540 -3.427239 -34.447181 -87.927831 -32.850682 57.234598 6.219412 -32.309855 -30.666827 2.923876 -38.383029 -16.838218 -2.825938 -27.464926 -38.360947 -57.789515 -18.376019 -12.688248
2015-11-01 00:00:00 -66.858393 -56.679253 -0.989430 20.912311 -78.507374 -30.358014 -22.360111 -5.593513 -0.888855 -43.204795 -15.488566 -35.383384 -88.148695 -37.473387 -2.704244 0.245465 211.934901 -36.332976 55.078793 -38.535382 -9.884828 -5.864883 -5.149080 -19.038202 13.524767 12.889410 -5.573279
2015-12-01 00:00:00 -55.523658 147.066903 -10.441494 81.635426 -77.108905 -18.205911 -21.109269 7.351116 5.067344 -24.700960 -9.874707 -11.520910 -85.750208 169.712675 140.023639 -6.210975 86.603626 -36.585673 60.997242 -40.370245 9.433824 -11.615900 -28.671405 -10.357153 29.995935 -9.467428 -14.712402
2016-01-01 00:00:00 -65.633876 -60.128866 82.190333 -69.423786 -79.086771 -78.489544 -20.526391 -2.390502 -1.338189 -71.838346 -8.847850 -39.163630 -88.326917 -32.329384 135.288832 -2.636514 -57.403245 -35.802582 77.408113 -7.566191 -0.645274 -14.036970 186.307264 -19.144083 31.907634 -8.505887 -10.916421
2016-02-01 00:00:00 -20.475071 -55.517488 -23.181370 13.106069 -76.647156 17.786200 -13.758660 -0.803485 -0.064003 -46.136534 -4.641992 -35.711517 26.041324 83.359977 nan 2.649348 -11.569160 -36.569730 79.202189 -34.485779 -2.115470 4.540759 86.146093 -10.099203 34.063276 -18.143504 -0.037855
2016-03-01 00:00:00 -60.849961 -55.812763 -12.026115 -71.130084 -75.646195 -75.877609 -14.994287 -3.639765 0.134645 -73.231447 5.961654 -32.992925 -86.885778 -23.692474 -52.873983 23.599673 -68.760532 -31.474246 67.181375 -14.437065 -7.397251 -9.639254 -22.639597 -6.792862 -6.683351 -20.339849 -5.768934
2016-04-01 00:00:00 -42.247557 -40.517844 -72.806455 -61.989874 -74.919398 -74.400532 -10.595387 -0.387032 0.970811 -69.010211 8.916225 -31.026456 -68.322421 nan -59.875927 20.246158 -11.974362 -28.322792 52.505658 -35.296794 -3.129571 -2.792413 -33.913383 -33.235001 -55.251048 -11.086926 -4.442662
2016-05-01 00:00:00 -64.556797 -24.904009 -65.825478 -71.167275 -73.915705 -71.947660 -8.299757 -1.777239 -0.431574 -77.921077 8.188606 -30.691647 -84.377947 -24.427448 -60.764394 36.148709 -86.446625 -29.806489 8.968608 -28.313887 -3.866447 -1.884814 -41.766268 -25.822694 -48.443372 -14.947959 2.136212
2016-06-01 00:00:00 -60.459348 0.980824 23.391598 -42.576451 -71.762625 -37.233297 10.578721 -7.311343 -2.857801 -72.462516 17.785406 -17.753359 -83.945306 -16.358308 -60.815243 17.063848 -49.190583 -17.788556 28.934938 -26.602001 -19.570970 27.485376 -41.314141 -5.211566 -41.661389 3.413241 5.930169
2016-07-01 00:00:00 3.441172 1.486866 48.759981 183.683416 10.598086 nan -3.942079 -3.728018 -2.922087 130.704224 8.027818 -10.061059 -31.854141 -24.852524 -60.832010 0.371327 226.519133 29.583620 -12.507931 nan -11.247603 9.175780 -41.721559 -13.164033 34.470482 -18.685589 -9.432275
2016-08-01 00:00:00 nan nan -89.091568 182.624241 nan nan -11.149875 -4.032606 -0.985372 192.813627 6.341403 84.302224 nan 45.440803 -61.735780 218.853796 nan 139.318466 -13.340239 -31.339353 -10.494086 1.435616 76.523321 -16.963255 -43.656718 -10.063973 -8.747347
2016-09-01 00:00:00 nan 74.949821 -6.029228 148.191872 nan nan -14.645823 -1.739646 -4.109181 177.502970 7.291589 120.556023 nan -13.436542 nan 3.702137 52.337458 nan 61.153786 -27.622681 -19.407899 8.284446 nan 13.114343 nan -18.422561 -8.804964
2016-10-01 00:00:00 nan 89.184176 47.758943 104.012480 219.308120 -1.865786 -13.262790 -5.859334 -1.804239 -19.620137 9.915625 65.666302 nan -15.262406 210.586150 6.199282 91.892553 152.056467 39.400555 166.219669 -18.965020 5.266810 nan -24.427486 155.846796 -25.116461 -2.217589
2016-11-01 00:00:00 -32.210134 -28.702155 -41.485321 -46.909023 -34.410707 63.475330 -14.234953 -3.844806 -3.502610 142.861921 4.874646 4.755303 -77.926308 -19.591887 156.179491 -2.196890 -79.022393 -13.846152 71.127244 18.659312 -3.502441 -3.438912 27.222093 -21.063709 115.938897 -2.716171 -8.819132
2016-12-01 00:00:00 -44.621164 -18.631487 -25.550556 -56.804187 -77.379415 143.061127 -13.084611 -5.663676 -1.926112 -25.239892 0.378626 -8.357813 -34.287398 -21.563908 -33.439915 -11.184827 -60.112101 -28.067176 54.445912 -4.471317 -8.103303 -7.156603 -18.151056 -22.449705 17.943408 -5.728639 -4.576517
2017-01-01 00:00:00 -24.129288 -1.923889 -74.446620 -60.666616 -76.308691 -17.161710 -15.097916 9.303173 3.996058 22.197417 -2.334065 -32.247477 -12.943043 125.450812 -54.606772 -13.781590 -48.029541 -31.719158 55.025213 -17.554404 0.996585 -12.128440 -44.809796 -23.837737 -53.637888 -8.018840 -6.543324
2017-02-01 00:00:00 -40.614096 -64.196539 17.204393 135.916043 -77.760998 -67.831005 -17.284320 -0.007465 1.342941 -53.976018 -5.505851 -37.875858 -49.787606 94.748532 210.287149 4.756712 -47.440589 -32.883316 89.524953 -11.615505 -0.166352 -12.794614 nan -18.131678 3.622574 -22.005116 -6.083467
2017-03-01 00:00:00 -51.315985 -44.930372 -75.818787 nan -75.768264 -75.725183 -7.655448 6.414833 3.027142 -64.507852 1.741835 -19.388578 -75.345525 -17.536491 -32.604981 -26.693165 -19.613849 -29.601622 53.285115 29.523340 4.255011 -5.363352 -41.522170 -15.558735 -29.240457 -19.970605 -7.839911
2017-04-01 00:00:00 -11.079150 -15.537544 -60.952519 -68.521418 -73.641612 -74.887260 -9.185514 1.126743 -0.033107 -71.780377 10.480013 -30.441332 55.326324 34.470216 -53.991272 -6.450745 -72.460486 -27.128993 65.733110 nan 3.855504 -4.891511 -42.351997 -40.401452 -49.629992 8.534957 -2.119897
2017-05-01 00:00:00 -32.080381 -27.800453 -25.416092 -66.570967 -49.322890 -61.082593 -5.750652 -1.773164 -1.749837 -51.716071 13.136276 -29.348880 74.288980 -19.816589 -57.062919 2.717500 -59.568436 9.714711 3.438782 -25.788970 -20.003388 0.580720 -44.781256 -16.610449 -49.095308 -5.563715 1.789969
2017-06-01 00:00:00 24.990286 -27.904453 1.415986 75.940117 8.838307 13.327046 9.312465 -2.227870 -1.690569 -42.203428 12.128965 -11.406182 33.187615 -20.005208 -57.938886 -7.348268 -44.261962 3.336055 -31.389358 -19.644437 -12.718666 22.316223 -43.381802 -35.547263 -9.832463 -4.485530 -2.233107
2017-07-01 00:00:00 -61.697289 5.214494 116.420896 -70.532665 -50.656206 -74.435685 -9.154597 -5.470062 -3.725952 -74.932146 9.154266 -31.874704 -79.833259 -17.981157 -62.779051 -10.038294 -59.231419 -26.104656 20.354574 -30.983670 -14.643589 1.326303 -48.985507 31.918779 -52.778973 -6.163157 -6.956899
2017-08-01 00:00:00 42.595628 214.910451 17.238949 53.217110 10.251514 -22.144056 -10.902973 -5.841046 -0.989832 79.555212 2.683529 -10.797942 181.489407 -25.514602 62.374312 80.898362 152.878541 19.752984 35.879117 -28.284223 -18.154531 -4.256519 120.697517 30.160981 159.276686 -5.011973 -7.106811
2017-09-01 00:00:00 235.892671 26.630901 -76.334363 nan 172.523221 182.514472 -10.452230 -5.473726 -0.596011 133.459383 10.806592 85.305962 nan -11.460876 177.414331 -11.207224 25.009755 19.019294 56.242625 19.672793 -22.365051 2.581799 183.554637 -1.126955 99.743984 -15.582163 -1.157813
2017-10-01 00:00:00 114.665609 0.596325 nan 56.414461 73.437909 30.130620 -7.792835 -5.458762 -1.784247 34.433490 11.360858 47.928887 172.469356 -16.610073 16.710557 -13.587575 121.957428 87.597444 83.740334 -16.852254 -7.303223 -3.346647 79.330868 -14.616900 -35.671927 -13.801410 11.303536
2017-11-01 00:00:00 -21.565379 -1.546275 43.022908 -58.785660 -68.629766 -6.853804 -13.033974 -0.724419 0.754297 1.840538 4.676861 74.594029 -27.853080 -15.467791 -54.973877 -8.078467 -23.573858 -28.358272 70.148676 -27.223510 -1.981489 -9.030542 -43.014707 0.474355 25.190077 -3.709770 -5.176166
2017-12-01 00:00:00 -18.616314 37.854248 -90.491079 -69.895420 -62.251197 -40.259628 -10.802014 17.770834 2.970778 35.798527 0.934869 -27.466879 -13.001384 7.208813 -57.510566 18.212751 -87.271259 -27.070834 53.523328 -25.827850 22.368195 -8.255197 -45.866963 -7.658911 -51.788321 -16.354833 4.341313
2018-01-01 00:00:00 -65.840370 -53.599614 79.585940 195.668126 -77.867939 -69.030717 -10.453206 2.663887 1.730673 -54.496422 -4.394178 -25.434666 -87.203869 -22.362302 103.512511 -25.251351 32.427851 -33.342602 92.228215 -36.232802 -1.529098 -12.305300 194.377147 -6.358856 -34.022654 -17.112633 -6.034621
2018-02-01 00:00:00 -26.161820 -24.178554 -51.447608 -70.647636 -75.867157 -71.720564 -10.241383 17.691288 9.682487 -64.781066 -4.331585 -28.175271 -52.620483 21.987035 -46.152992 2.754393 7.407661 -34.810955 84.139852 -33.356522 26.233691 3.641612 -38.311459 30.264504 -20.972659 -7.876897 -9.766643
2018-03-01 00:00:00 -49.779441 -27.710412 -28.702487 -70.855603 -73.549338 -75.864894 -7.653926 -6.291730 -1.270593 -26.264013 5.963981 -31.708441 -79.863272 -14.164045 -25.429697 nan -35.742048 -29.169507 80.018623 -17.579172 -0.765137 -9.104127 70.110146 -19.370373 -30.118706 -2.241870 -9.693238
2018-04-01 00:00:00 -60.275268 15.669786 -85.636700 -70.582369 -71.517763 -74.222395 -5.325887 1.172311 -0.546649 -64.555058 13.493919 -28.292231 -85.231624 15.712505 -49.369871 1.582646 -83.296009 -23.202158 90.889103 -31.175191 0.455113 -5.459027 -45.421382 24.755979 -47.754864 -13.177635 0.859595
2018-05-01 00:00:00 -57.654834 -12.999064 -82.687870 -69.055303 -72.317617 -74.008325 11.744162 2.348083 -0.867588 -67.508739 14.090767 -11.247110 -85.055982 -12.459096 -59.422610 -5.483455 -75.792113 -22.312553 68.454418 -32.804709 -2.221982 17.751946 -47.403226 -5.560498 -48.157286 -3.998676 -3.181697
2018-06-01 00:00:00 -49.898851 -29.394002 -16.281317 -68.870767 -72.374837 -73.114525 7.308030 -1.732912 1.447147 -71.991016 15.388009 -22.450298 -64.034625 -19.054369 -59.695088 -7.011147 -84.824844 -22.175575 78.089784 -32.147488 -12.263321 14.505102 -46.239033 0.043727 -48.279848 0.148753 -4.332015
2018-07-01 00:00:00 53.973856 34.322170 -58.904757 -71.993528 94.599439 -67.446122 -6.286251 2.650031 -0.607849 -63.553890 7.455053 -32.731346 120.548735 -24.185069 -62.704971 -10.946396 -70.755827 -28.568902 51.323743 -38.692631 -11.177900 -3.414976 -50.034099 16.210982 -51.557683 -19.086119 -10.657211
2018-08-01 00:00:00 210.757799 101.632261 -93.330960 -56.545685 nan 44.273797 -8.535722 1.175283 -1.500388 127.565007 4.670345 121.874029 nan -26.567586 -63.553258 95.270473 -54.568318 108.361123 24.607493 -32.734437 -14.365036 0.969244 -50.842194 9.022580 81.822263 -14.783035 -13.674485
2018-09-01 00:00:00 164.363231 62.517644 -92.463807 15.242027 -9.882785 -62.761087 -7.842612 -4.385827 -4.284370 -65.353046 8.043291 1.991876 195.839861 -22.922873 -62.594187 -16.932434 17.147076 79.388007 -31.194331 -39.709568 -11.211301 -3.889942 -49.672044 19.577763 -23.328792 -16.988264 -7.752204
2018-10-01 00:00:00 -56.426883 -39.191590 -70.612056 -18.966605 -72.912836 -66.489868 -6.208199 2.189980 -2.070250 -47.105394 9.753673 -9.180833 -85.240924 -22.293780 -60.265957 -20.641414 -61.268919 -27.400478 35.805305 -29.861612 -9.563799 -3.561720 -44.639013 20.671120 -48.751153 -18.188114 -5.771633
2018-11-01 00:00:00 -60.131482 -46.608869 -67.369838 -36.334674 -52.399049 -41.657921 -6.914944 1.472708 -1.695747 -2.276154 1.009214 29.261405 -45.569393 -30.901440 -2.629555 -18.022529 -75.081546 -31.115185 90.128291 -33.782766 -3.160926 -8.354495 -13.443881 -8.516219 -23.628118 -16.127338 -10.152421
2018-12-01 00:00:00 -53.753143 -18.823705 -78.609986 -11.294813 -78.992849 -78.138288 -3.430048 3.602657 0.292919 -75.704164 -10.155679 -17.934224 -52.115700 -8.410175 -55.556514 -28.684183 -87.780948 -36.181253 69.547817 -24.382366 0.269522 -9.606226 -43.137181 7.454644 -47.664942 6.171757 -9.077397
2019-01-01 00:00:00 -65.690539 -45.853861 -70.446746 -49.780490 -77.614567 -73.923527 -2.912217 -7.206199 -3.699050 -18.512006 -3.412114 -13.517245 -70.401750 -31.730633 -60.137797 -24.185784 -64.710499 -31.696703 94.482545 -31.061718 -13.206487 -10.837217 1.254995 -0.164436 23.392288 -7.929039 -2.907915
2019-02-01 00:00:00 -62.703948 -52.326523 -83.489796 -59.762272 -76.348745 -76.377800 -4.240221 0.874655 -2.216073 -57.966678 -0.307342 -32.277442 -88.341913 -26.531229 -21.802119 -27.406945 19.191954 -30.305372 100.582926 -40.484870 -14.403414 -10.367507 -26.969465 -4.716400 7.933532 -5.948988 -14.811444
2019-03-01 00:00:00 -59.289629 -45.392399 -82.178360 -68.810249 -75.682882 -74.045037 -3.347316 -2.782206 -1.292470 -72.302587 2.144388 -28.800862 -87.994512 3.712170 -60.785367 -18.673411 -70.895593 -28.974370 87.086102 -33.313034 1.113865 -11.219420 -51.719282 14.047337 -49.377069 1.367915 -11.299096
2019-04-01 00:00:00 -63.097387 -49.937190 -88.637252 -68.787719 -73.582051 -72.847382 3.134616 -3.438679 1.344804 -71.052675 8.230024 -24.482266 -86.441917 -7.588089 -60.103044 -14.371225 -45.090991 -25.765132 80.150653 -27.425976 -12.746960 1.714260 -50.307326 21.662667 -48.351353 -14.456277 -3.170768
2019-05-01 00:00:00 -56.328573 -18.263745 -91.867390 -65.288574 -65.875528 -70.731337 29.984789 -2.415575 0.200011 -53.058751 19.935105 -8.644546 -82.475028 17.845627 -59.538820 3.510252 -82.294174 -17.024551 81.249447 -22.909521 -9.476452 33.372199 -49.493667 34.621392 -44.087847 -6.963636 9.680137
2019-06-01 00:00:00 -53.728394 -21.596563 -83.270036 -65.618375 -66.153537 -71.324275 7.165475 -1.500322 0.148141 -38.932145 10.818575 -23.501694 -82.757433 -19.206449 -63.328580 -0.469207 -73.048050 -23.785846 41.636018 -29.086022 -10.393311 5.980502 -53.361720 -25.361051 -49.548655 4.961671 0.624809
2019-07-01 00:00:00 -38.392322 24.810928 -83.733054 -54.123357 11.073605 -67.125875 3.828472 -1.789554 -1.694900 -0.207704 5.149336 -15.135237 -50.106551 -26.751467 -64.222229 3.469959 -71.788376 -27.429071 -14.429843 -35.770270 -14.729444 -0.686567 -53.985154 -24.182374 -50.763916 2.941644 -4.121922
2019-08-01 00:00:00 94.895313 153.670132 -92.807882 -61.032638 88.241619 -3.570427 0.869128 -4.021060 0.267183 69.781220 4.349932 15.671170 193.094848 -26.260238 -64.601528 125.849760 -81.308786 -3.520675 -41.018918 -32.329217 -20.178624 -2.019483 -50.835320 -20.607032 -51.249771 0.183515 -4.266842
2019-09-01 00:00:00 -16.077921 32.005933 -91.627097 96.456145 123.673961 62.146503 2.281355 -2.562532 0.301290 26.521751 4.838696 42.910073 -70.881767 -23.513058 -62.456332 -7.730732 28.295170 12.289138 -13.238377 -23.448950 -17.401397 -2.009042 -1.540704 -4.539675 15.502859 1.428168 -1.109506
2019-10-01 00:00:00 -65.292704 -44.998720 -92.826907 -41.311354 -74.501070 -41.152369 1.092031 -2.202108 -0.153165 -34.385162 -3.497627 -26.187966 -87.248750 -28.935615 -62.844655 -15.254904 -71.266063 -30.681573 -35.973958 -30.442225 -16.307367 -5.198283 -53.567131 -51.724649 -34.407445 -1.727014 -1.209628
2019-11-01 00:00:00 -63.346196 -41.858686 -92.860678 -2.083999 -73.499602 -58.374483 2.470471 -1.200017 -0.710286 49.152157 -1.370266 20.610423 -71.911832 -32.779790 -61.074064 -13.440141 -22.360919 -30.616827 15.336814 -26.024556 -14.628369 -6.089687 -6.403214 -49.863105 -32.126488 -7.166025 -0.896714
2019-12-01 00:00:00 -63.559716 -30.340033 -86.107138 -70.838861 -75.499648 -40.647877 7.775222 -3.964413 -0.102372 -22.506891 -5.006267 -16.798457 -70.525535 -3.216238 -40.658245 -13.788838 -74.796012 -32.313625 -4.316564 -23.359957 -9.207877 -4.994716 -32.650674 -23.479617 -46.726920 2.986447 0.431852
2020-01-01 00:00:00 -61.805315 -31.237711 -68.553619 -23.164449 -78.467334 -69.513519 4.650559 0.701681 0.502548 81.613044 -11.816731 -25.962094 -87.844212 -45.663717 -61.212955 -22.545764 -55.553633 -28.874594 -18.390700 -31.823197 -7.378109 -8.564810 9.469739 -15.186337 -0.736949 -7.374980 -2.315012
2020-02-01 00:00:00 -63.807602 -49.133861 -39.343769 54.280687 -77.401667 -71.279055 3.373480 0.203855 3.226261 -32.753684 -6.074892 -24.824314 -76.693127 -21.525091 10.810171 -14.500316 -41.628789 -34.325546 -9.152525 -37.404684 -9.669668 -9.584847 159.410907 1.254239 209.942415 2.243711 -5.459934
2020-03-01 00:00:00 -56.305178 -64.827394 -72.409781 -68.808932 -77.507134 -77.617621 0.416403 1.146580 -0.871175 -75.689121 -10.331010 -30.534243 -89.003097 62.887477 -57.153461 -13.400466 -87.520857 -35.538058 -36.583940 -41.927475 -4.456069 -14.983137 -45.630328 -45.914521 -50.688609 -20.233247 -16.388021
2020-04-01 00:00:00 -65.750656 -58.872375 -92.963127 -70.238773 -75.338925 -75.550786 6.453821 -8.484575 -1.656358 -69.973962 -1.574916 -28.613714 -87.908590 -30.217037 -61.208139 -16.766416 -64.376002 -31.492659 -28.425718 -38.960761 -15.229353 -0.856111 -54.754497 -57.869481 -50.999929 -30.272938 -12.906437
2020-05-01 00:00:00 -61.208464 -52.962440 -93.227332 -69.667350 -61.848070 -75.160387 12.291128 -7.180688 -0.776582 -65.992945 -1.229838 -25.550449 -87.029060 -21.955816 -63.392600 -15.310072 -79.665652 -29.110375 -65.032633 -38.749944 -17.125374 10.596700 -55.420152 -50.027266 -49.446084 -16.602605 -12.760573
2020-06-01 00:00:00 -62.187449 -52.764405 -92.858724 -72.308147 -74.601682 -76.065095 1.902147 -4.252161 -1.304588 -71.316191 -0.470690 -30.572085 -86.040676 -26.232446 -67.148033 -16.012309 -87.446159 -30.827982 -39.137046 -36.303651 -12.085619 -5.249068 -59.096148 -55.541874 -51.730973 -17.549855 -8.431599
2020-07-01 00:00:00 -65.609107 -1.857427 -87.459309 -72.577013 249.985153 -76.203154 4.783497 -1.610291 -1.595707 -51.329682 -4.491675 -13.317631 -87.207773 -32.022856 -66.833302 20.865850 -87.721187 54.247638 -32.833165 -41.965491 -13.163433 -4.977811 -58.693311 -46.595351 -52.542370 -17.621888 -6.973091
2020-08-01 00:00:00 198.307339 88.420554 -93.703908 -27.015821 204.790814 5.014203 5.334655 0.331113 -2.495904 192.295680 -8.905905 48.475383 nan -28.781076 -67.599034 42.357616 -23.895743 43.414821 -50.918425 -40.408838 -13.149327 -8.318270 -59.408126 -39.777436 -48.340670 -6.720885 -7.377220
2020-09-01 00:00:00 11.745686 9.307601 -93.032922 -17.166687 18.406522 -8.607186 8.618092 -2.497056 -0.716030 23.494716 -6.054532 17.890653 20.696158 -31.418091 -65.529930 6.094237 20.279321 75.400093 -41.724346 -35.967840 -13.506221 -5.107153 -56.276556 -13.519298 67.692285 -20.925193 -1.660984
2020-10-01 00:00:00 -36.099912 6.473941 -50.381921 -7.193535 nan -65.482846 10.383060 -1.228415 -0.740296 -47.065141 -4.124375 21.558528 -46.656455 -31.768084 -61.649811 -20.978260 -17.724904 247.995817 -68.268060 -35.170937 -18.488905 -0.909596 -35.165095 -35.592332 -47.488178 -15.063444 -0.058635
2020-11-01 00:00:00 -62.616451 -61.140039 41.673000 -6.101016 -65.845848 -71.295697 12.191260 -2.164746 1.801666 -34.689816 -6.145048 -22.292894 -87.003206 -33.339268 189.051029 -32.886237 -67.431042 -32.733614 -84.785185 -28.671586 -14.191422 -2.232355 155.516605 -28.667691 78.146332 1.367722 3.646130
2020-12-01 00:00:00 -62.968380 -48.476345 -82.412701 8.489796 -60.435022 -57.238565 12.604628 3.516432 0.923514 -55.434203 -8.943019 -18.195852 -86.712632 -31.288428 -63.431011 -35.984215 -82.457509 -4.306386 -94.814877 -26.014188 0.459430 -5.343464 -56.553252 -38.380216 -38.876225 2.768802 5.155104
2021-01-01 00:00:00 -59.544503 -48.709434 6.056165 -52.363819 -77.446345 -61.710217 8.957054 -0.588308 2.198426 27.276614 -12.875001 -17.212409 -86.998215 -35.991865 -21.653228 -34.108857 -68.773509 -36.148469 -89.902249 -22.065098 -12.268127 -12.367308 -4.689294 -29.870877 100.371015 2.487041 2.371403
2021-02-01 00:00:00 -63.530943 -38.738334 -17.033238 -10.586964 -78.199859 -69.231479 13.620022 2.123401 -1.285810 -26.848038 -10.522281 13.782936 -85.287618 -34.666523 -60.520267 -35.414779 -37.929590 -36.950872 -86.899173 -28.532481 -5.023134 -9.234038 34.863283 -32.227165 138.395987 0.687556 1.528871
2021-03-01 00:00:00 -58.164857 -24.073296 -66.056925 -69.811817 -72.511746 -69.271868 24.773850 -3.437931 -0.527309 -21.762214 -1.180624 -16.452556 -85.197025 18.965128 -47.257355 -38.835107 -86.050943 -29.424525 -93.668295 118.397727 -8.930734 1.545141 -54.224146 -49.810437 -43.714919 -10.618032 8.739103
2021-04-01 00:00:00 -50.221437 -29.838549 -91.333420 -29.044641 -66.432687 128.619113 44.913188 2.662813 1.069355 182.424404 6.024131 26.605883 -83.311491 -15.974966 -58.050523 -23.826541 -9.865694 -24.160550 -92.271199 -11.038348 -1.569770 28.786543 -51.921944 -50.195971 -21.294662 21.220961 13.946366
2021-05-01 00:00:00 -54.631227 -5.316095 -91.556641 -68.227249 -63.661557 -32.279436 31.020105 -0.465618 -1.936268 -10.808126 2.992307 5.514150 -71.056449 4.868393 -60.333940 -4.878431 -77.150625 -25.812064 -93.157723 -14.624555 -5.459756 15.207429 -53.171234 -52.704823 -40.882369 7.286055 11.474093
2021-06-01 00:00:00 -49.941794 -20.425648 -91.891209 -70.071880 -61.021499 -41.132299 24.412554 -2.055105 0.587068 3.766107 -0.599949 1.015034 -79.354329 -2.567827 -59.943605 -17.347085 -83.321890 -27.055714 -92.593692 -10.124517 -9.742054 6.207792 -54.171844 -52.191034 -41.364882 10.459777 11.581367
2021-07-01 00:00:00 -6.280593 26.368857 -91.263946 -71.315798 32.017323 -36.362839 26.194258 -2.399092 -0.555262 74.080109 -3.134399 63.400240 -38.201982 -25.653652 -62.539619 17.800127 -59.342528 -5.907824 -92.047509 -14.958638 -19.768792 8.271235 -56.734967 -45.773800 -43.856880 -1.522115 7.888610
2021-08-01 00:00:00 65.085925 138.633988 -73.221297 29.552118 nan 23.191418 23.332256 -2.330890 -0.354682 172.215138 -7.037062 53.002599 93.064796 -25.775115 86.388809 185.390778 163.135582 32.554234 -89.277731 -14.098374 -10.553581 0.271534 60.870376 -8.363852 31.569639 11.653061 9.255363
2021-09-01 00:00:00 -42.840110 -17.188909 -81.168766 34.575521 43.170332 50.699718 27.970537 -1.333519 0.820026 97.285728 -4.160559 75.608025 -55.120911 -22.894353 34.781196 -15.939760 79.144419 -23.531801 -93.423291 -14.452905 -14.417190 3.909744 -45.274360 -43.068829 60.350581 0.354618 10.556808
2021-10-01 00:00:00 -58.103896 28.354481 -90.496721 -30.497393 51.887557 -55.408300 30.905280 1.436910 0.853792 -3.954695 -3.352778 6.020302 -84.182702 -21.266036 -58.001259 -18.944887 -32.913962 -1.487122 -96.372158 2.667688 -8.552292 4.621731 -51.146906 -14.051114 -33.791622 17.426361 17.321351
2021-11-01 00:00:00 -57.222358 1.910695 -12.063854 -28.932928 -76.361937 -63.773842 23.439962 -4.854349 2.936139 -22.888386 -12.753305 -3.153863 -69.620940 -31.288701 74.509325 -17.297895 -63.745380 -34.268959 -96.672286 -13.338624 -7.589530 -4.542265 -50.011450 -24.292402 -9.078742 4.161385 10.339698
2021-12-01 00:00:00 -57.119121 -20.720295 -90.254496 -30.022570 -75.134855 -62.173759 30.891702 3.108285 2.616371 -67.120273 -7.237757 -16.036910 -53.257903 -28.969785 -7.749575 -28.959232 -78.835478 -28.467779 -96.725703 -7.264076 -0.765438 1.416438 -14.705935 -5.920381 -13.441084 10.277858 26.210980
2022-01-01 00:00:00 -53.887724 -58.817451 -71.893761 -75.835541 -78.603882 -48.755470 30.233729 0.519329 0.163635 -61.752495 -18.479320 -21.157814 -85.032923 -36.503504 -51.330691 -31.011222 -84.032214 -33.939165 -96.460207 -17.999655 -9.787503 -5.252264 -55.854212 -21.668654 -46.063580 16.765700 12.347660
2022-02-01 00:00:00 -59.038995 -12.044419 -24.735454 -72.193072 -72.470103 -74.117869 35.853071 -2.530918 -0.511721 -63.392281 1.501468 -17.686854 -85.198347 -11.262052 -35.634619 -26.761867 -56.262094 -20.144867 -94.187924 0.381525 -5.559864 1.604947 -55.005206 -25.278015 -36.378983 7.553525 16.817370
2022-03-01 00:00:00 -48.655591 0.395398 -91.189253 -71.448585 -74.036937 -74.579479 49.145191 0.814676 -0.909358 -59.893365 -12.532483 -11.207943 -83.830459 -14.531259 -58.922893 -27.795660 -56.097432 -25.433692 -96.999153 -16.988767 -5.490179 9.341489 -53.212670 -31.998764 -40.100072 26.438465 26.584344
2022-04-01 00:00:00 -47.976876 -16.145888 -87.973717 -66.852658 -70.920622 -70.712389 76.014367 -0.255754 -0.285997 -44.868310 9.958323 4.797857 -78.335932 -8.783220 -57.679394 -15.680513 -76.758790 -15.246540 -94.904132 1.958050 -3.269715 39.267404 -49.235954 -42.474933 -30.716702 24.745581 42.274004
2022-05-01 00:00:00 -52.635122 -11.604461 -90.790171 -69.061022 -71.067054 -72.516258 56.024933 -5.371562 -1.916872 -64.545722 1.390242 -3.192932 -81.601620 -11.686854 -59.774899 -1.898655 -83.396734 -20.911865 -97.802585 -1.109464 -12.656688 20.278564 -51.105994 -50.283303 -34.518537 13.571507 34.729269
2022-06-01 00:00:00 -20.206203 31.253000 -91.218394 -35.132799 63.234204 -39.649706 49.533642 -1.150574 -0.513164 15.448583 -3.692388 22.474042 -47.723423 -16.223997 -53.271330 20.273914 -72.977820 6.183463 -97.356777 -7.100203 -15.730230 9.790458 -55.895255 -48.609684 -35.893783 11.254076 29.471946
2022-07-01 00:00:00 87.081784 181.995480 -91.537689 -62.661295 219.565365 -42.576061 48.175583 3.690642 -0.547357 6.696383 -6.494664 72.289021 104.363408 -8.350218 -36.366939 93.577107 -54.812546 52.362514 -98.717153 -7.574831 -10.771972 5.021194 -55.525214 -37.133376 -32.478509 23.412672 25.097769
2022-08-01 00:00:00 -52.662246 234.149141 -91.698308 -72.894786 167.898766 -40.535840 42.207060 8.174601 5.356078 45.036927 -10.350207 53.016342 -37.311978 -21.519624 -64.913089 16.767674 -69.198773 -28.910373 -98.612218 -6.216323 -8.957908 1.165424 -57.124646 -27.345909 -43.077467 1.233890 20.233780
2022-09-01 00:00:00 -39.001538 -41.839980 -71.085583 31.174883 -75.750578 -51.189019 41.146253 -3.102569 -1.531461 22.052603 -11.095860 -13.198167 -83.610278 -30.514636 91.129470 -5.412692 -11.371861 -30.185161 -90.726585 -1.111192 -18.259392 0.889408 -49.371324 -14.264864 130.287913 9.543619 22.496634
2022-10-01 00:00:00 -62.086528 1.629159 40.403076 22.289328 -70.299596 -67.649128 35.468208 -4.792434 -2.379257 44.561851 -13.751774 11.945084 -84.782900 -30.880301 -51.171862 -14.706112 35.123280 -16.944311 -95.343236 -11.616369 -14.920183 0.723415 -57.460648 -51.749505 3.644006 27.121914 16.898736
2022-11-01 00:00:00 -60.396503 39.287489 -64.421762 -60.410089 -42.988335 -73.512434 33.417527 0.004566 1.557376 -17.408064 -16.115664 34.637606 -83.056049 -28.311078 -59.937996 -21.633608 -74.710954 -9.849630 -97.686291 -11.398063 -4.069264 -3.078018 -33.125122 -14.322299 -46.453745 42.286797 14.756379
2022-12-01 00:00:00 -49.380860 -29.416826 14.782805 -19.215818 -70.053550 -71.242530 32.878397 0.419228 -0.100202 -61.432401 -18.895485 2.542053 -67.065477 -38.391695 -8.226123 -13.675377 -87.431453 -36.865092 -95.640503 -12.706170 -8.724804 -4.369241 -38.629984 -15.573584 -25.767440 53.586398 21.989550
2023-01-01 00:00:00 -59.525387 -13.003025 -83.354629 -53.977399 -76.945048 -45.499144 44.999966 -3.615344 0.419826 -4.202878 -19.007176 -17.204065 -82.459392 -31.684435 35.877695 -21.896084 -83.167333 -35.923092 -89.725183 103.353343 -2.480797 -5.578852 175.091737 -9.344673 220.291466 31.963607 17.290721
2023-02-01 00:00:00 -48.772351 5.171360 -5.681175 -67.800952 -76.997196 -13.806157 40.206673 3.296896 1.273279 33.333449 -21.432379 -1.162853 -83.985665 48.704178 -2.906728 -21.303117 -83.270566 -30.944674 -94.176234 -15.833301 11.876530 -3.464696 -54.880768 13.039500 -30.818421 53.993687 22.942188
2023-03-01 00:00:00 -58.894071 31.623541 -55.776811 -39.883801 -75.112718 -71.962931 53.895454 12.259168 7.435469 -47.903075 -12.869882 -4.452532 -83.330689 26.726010 -63.562098 -11.055770 -51.178635 -29.696458 -94.230669 nan -4.558247 6.119362 -58.874699 -10.930240 -45.321525 38.120442 26.600941
2023-04-01 00:00:00 -53.590005 -16.861000 -88.205969 -69.600558 -72.466562 -68.913320 61.379690 -5.433018 -2.428438 -34.203273 -7.510817 -1.147908 -83.082585 11.541847 -54.349354 -13.349386 -57.543194 -27.348980 -95.653440 124.655444 -11.507480 19.860633 -43.436395 -39.006243 -6.645665 76.957305 29.312318
2023-05-01 00:00:00 -59.279875 -0.988956 -91.642763 -71.979802 -72.823567 -74.385105 43.731988 -0.093865 -0.607183 -65.724734 -16.486570 -12.312985 -83.175909 -26.552369 -65.825151 -15.902798 -84.347525 -31.466835 -99.195617 -4.489749 -6.478870 1.148164 -60.559947 -49.857567 -44.963802 49.734055 26.098040
2023-06-01 00:00:00 -61.205951 31.549124 -91.903662 -73.129234 -73.981826 -75.393218 41.564875 -6.446665 -1.219078 -63.298916 -17.967055 -15.713636 -84.011305 -28.614599 -66.691545 -8.142634 -85.977438 -32.610559 -99.235824 -3.725102 -13.876160 -1.270916 -62.124685 -52.914799 -46.939928 35.297038 26.813598
2023-07-01 00:00:00 -5.258016 20.462631 -91.557644 -70.556477 -72.026560 -76.913489 37.823460 0.741972 1.188829 -53.743690 -24.575777 -19.413610 -9.749625 -22.750110 -64.658597 10.409752 -80.443515 -36.079456 -99.229722 -10.594825 -12.040147 -7.468204 -65.150801 -37.867694 -50.186566 47.593907 14.907505
2023-08-01 00:00:00 26.493522 191.714439 -90.837365 9.128739 243.974353 -22.870939 22.686282 -0.816994 1.142340 103.860601 -27.908701 39.455800 -45.239462 -31.043679 -68.947159 40.140088 39.295574 27.049913 -96.990999 -14.676971 -12.688945 -14.028517 -65.430574 -30.097018 3.321479 24.224738 10.419444
2023-09-01 00:00:00 -63.854765 38.696719 -77.768481 -43.921268 -76.100025 -77.085735 26.534570 -6.550402 -1.721590 -62.554257 -27.882058 -25.134460 -83.262877 -36.705244 -38.761017 -7.436275 -53.363802 -41.221872 -96.034110 -6.828905 -13.401201 -13.888521 -60.318534 -37.847183 -39.503780 36.420606 18.654236
2023-10-01 00:00:00 -62.741670 32.866356 -22.355150 -39.491160 -25.466539 -77.508483 30.377690 -1.774208 -0.633053 -56.421755 -29.284476 -24.607031 -85.392270 -37.621001 -61.307582 -3.507552 -72.571413 -21.173395 -96.516131 -2.635589 -13.012132 -13.596452 -45.684266 -16.620978 9.528209 37.099420 13.301648
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 8 Monthly percent change compared to the baseline. Values in red indicate a negative percent change.#

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
p = figure(
    title=f"{COUNTRY}: Percent Change in Nightlights",
    width=800,
    height=800,
    x_axis_label="Date",
    x_axis_type="datetime",
    y_axis_label="Percent Change [%]",
    tools="pan,wheel_zoom,box_zoom,reset,save,box_select",
)
p.add_layout(
    Title(
        text=f"Monthly percent change in sum of lights (compared to 2012-2022 baseline) for each first-level administrative division",
        text_font_size="12pt",
        text_font_style="italic",
    ),
    "above",
)
p.add_layout(
    Title(
        text=f"Source: NASA Black Marble. Creation date: {datetime.today().strftime('%d %B %Y')}. Feedback: datalab@worldbank.org.",
        text_font_size="10pt",
        text_font_style="italic",
    ),
    "below",
)
p.add_layout(Legend(), "right")
p.add_tools(
    HoverTool(
        tooltips=[
            ("Month", "@x{%B %Y}"),
            ("Percent Change", "@y{0.00}% (2012-2022 baseline)"),
        ],
        formatters={"@x": "datetime"},
    )
)

# Renderers
hline = Span(
    location=0, dimension="width", line_color="green", line_width=3, line_dash="dotted"
)
p.renderers.extend([hline])

for column, color in zip(EGY_benchmark.columns, cc.b_glasbey_category10):
    r = p.line(
        EGY_benchmark.index,
        EGY_benchmark[column],
        legend_label=str(column[1]),
        line_color=color,
        line_width=2,
    )
    r.visible = False

    if str(column[1]) == "Cairo":
        r.visible = True

p.legend.location = "bottom_left"
p.legend.click_policy = "hide"
p.title.text_font_size = "12pt"
p.sizing_mode = "scale_both"
show(p)
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 9 Monthly percent change in sum of lights (compared to 2012-2022 baseline) for each first-level administrative division.#

Regional Comparison#

In this step, we include other countries from the region for comparison.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
TUR = geopandas.read_file(
    "https://github.com/wmgeolab/geoBoundaries/raw/main/releaseData/gbOpen/TUR/ADM1/geoBoundaries-TUR-ADM1.geojson"
)
TUR.explore(color="red")
Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook
../../_images/logo.png

Fig. 10 Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.#

Now, in this step, we repeat the step of downloading from NASA Black Marble.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source
TUR_VNP46A3 = bm_extract(
    TUR,
    product_id="VNP46A3",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2023-10-01", freq="MS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)
TUR_VNP46A4 = bm_extract(
    TUR,
    product_id="VNP46A4",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2022-01-01", freq="YS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)

Finally, we compare Egypt and Türkiye in regard to sum of lights (SOL).

Limitations#

See also

Limitations

References#

1

Miguel O. Román, Zhuosen Wang, Qingsong Sun, Virginia Kalb, Steven D. Miller, Andrew Molthan, Lori Schultz, Jordan Bell, Eleanor C. Stokes, Bhartendu Pandey, Karen C. Seto, Dorothy Hall, Tomohiro Oda, Robert E. Wolfe, Gary Lin, Navid Golpayegani, Sadashiva Devadiga, Carol Davidson, Sudipta Sarkar, Cid Praderas, Jeffrey Schmaltz, Ryan Boller, Joshua Stevens, Olga M. Ramos González, Elizabeth Padilla, José Alonso, Yasmín Detrés, Roy Armstrong, Ismael Miranda, Yasmín Conte, Nitza Marrero, Kytt MacManus, Thomas Esch, and Edward J. Masuoka. Nasa's black marble nighttime lights product suite. Remote Sensing of Environment, 210:113–143, 2018. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003442571830110X, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.017.

2

Tilottama Ghosh, Sharolyn J. Anderson, Christopher D. Elvidge, and Paul C. Sutton. Using Nighttime Satellite Imagery as a Proxy Measure of Human Well-Being. Sustainability, 5(12):1–32, November 2013. URL: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v5y2013i12p4988-5019d30764.html.

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Nighttime Lights Trends

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Spatial Inequality in Egypt

Contents
  • Data
    • Region of Interest
    • NASA Black Marble
  • Methodology
    • Monthly
    • Time Series Generation
  • Findings
    • Nightlights Concentration
    • Nightlights Trends
      • Year-over-Year Comparison
      • Benchmark Comparison
      • Regional Comparison
  • Limitations
  • References

By Development Data Group

Last updated on Jan 29, 2024.

All maps are for illustrative purposes and do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. All content (unless otherwise specified) is subject to the Mozilla Public License.