Nighttime Lights Trends in Egypt

The purpose of this notebook is to conduct an examination of the spatial and temporal distribution of lights during the night in Egypt. The dataset utilized is derived from NASA’s Black Marble.

Data

Region of Interest

Define region of interest for which we want to download nighttime lights data. Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

EGY = geopandas.read_file(
    "../../data/shapefiles/egy_admbnda_adm1_capmas_20170421/egy_admbnda_adm1_capmas_20170421.shp"
)
EGY.explore()

Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook

Fig. 2 Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

NASA Black Marble

NASA’s Black Marble [1] product suite represents a remarkable advancement in our ability to monitor and understand nocturnal light emissions on a global scale. By utilizing cutting-edge satellite technology and image processing techniques, the Black Marble VIIRS dataset offers a comprehensive and high-resolution view of the Earth’s nighttime illumination patterns.

EGY_VNP46A4r = bm_raster(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A4",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2022-01-01", freq="YS"),
    bearer=bearer,
)

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(20, 6))

# Select first and last periods
periods = [EGY_VNP46A4r["time"][0], EGY_VNP46A4r["time"][-1]]

for i, t in enumerate(periods):
    ax = axs[i]

    EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time=t).plot.imshow(
        ax=ax,
        cmap=cc.cm.bmy,
        robust=True,
        vmax=10,
    )

Fig. 3 Nasa Black Marble 2012 and 2022 (latest available) yearly composites (VNP46A4).

In the step next, we download the daily, monthly and yearly nighlights data from NASA Black Marble for Egypt.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

EGY_VNP46A4 = bm_extract(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A4",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2022-01-01", freq="YS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)
EGY_VNP46A3 = bm_extract(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A3",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2023-10-01", freq="MS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)
EGY_VNP46A2 = bm_extract(
    EGY,
    product_id="VNP46A2",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2023-01-01", "2023-12-31", freq="D"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)

Methodology

Creating a time series of nightly radiance using NASA’s Black Marble data involves several steps, including data acquisition, pre-processing, zonal statistics calculation, and time series generation. Below is a general methodology for this process.

Monthly

In this step, we compute a monthy aggregation of the zonal statistics by for each second-level administrative division and for each month. We use both the average lights and sum of lights (SOL) [2]). Additionaly, we add the VNP46A3 monthly composite and VNP46A4 yearly composite, when available.

Time Series Generation

Organize the zonal statistics results in a tabular format, where each columnn corresponds to a specific zone, and rows represent the radiance values. Next, we aggregate the data temporally, computing the desired statistical metric for each zone for each time slot. Finally, we will visualize the time series data to observe trends, patterns, and anomalies over time.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

EGY_TABLE = EGY_VNP46A3.pivot_table(
    index="date",
    columns=["ADM1_EN"],
    values=[VAR],
)

Loading BokehJS ...

Findings

Nightlights Concentration

The average nighttime lights radiance for urban areas can vary significantly based on multiple factors such as city size, population density, infrastructure, economic activity and geographical location. In general, larger and more densely populated urban areas tend to have higher nighttime lights radiance due to increased artificial lighting from street lights, buildings, and other sources. “Nightlights Concentration” refers to the density and distribution of artificial lighting visible during nighttime within urban and rural areas. It may serve as a key indicator of urban development, economic activity, and population density.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(20, 10))

EGY_VNP46A3_2023["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].plot.pcolormesh(
    ax=ax, cmap=cc.cm.kr, vmax=10, robust=True
)
cx.add_basemap(
    ax=ax, crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)
ax.set_title(f"{COUNTRY}: Nightlights Concentration", fontsize=16);

Fig. 4 Nightlights concentration in Egypt as of October 2023 (NASA Black Marble VNP46A3).

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(20, 6))

EGY_VNP46A3_2012["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].plot.pcolormesh(
    ax=axs[0],
    cmap=cc.cm.kr,
    robust=True,
    vmax=10,
)
cx.add_basemap(
    axs[0], crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)

EGY_VNP46A3_2023["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].plot.pcolormesh(
    ax=axs[1],
    cmap=cc.cm.kr,
    robust=True,
    vmax=10,
)
cx.add_basemap(
    axs[1], crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)

Areas with higher nightlights concentration often denote bustling urban centers or regions with significant industrial and commercial activity. We select nightlights above thresholds.

Fig. 5 Areas with higher nightlights radiance above the respective threshold.

Now, we estimate the area percentage above the threshold (1, 10, 100) for each administrative division.

			Area (%)
shapeISO	shapeName	Threshold
EG-ALX	Alexandria	1	61.955594
		10	18.865642
		100	1.316539
EG-ASN	Aswan	1	3.830535
		10	0.708651
		100	0.045506
EG-AST	Asyut	1	12.830261
		10	2.599845
		100	0.050416
EG-BA	Red Sea	1	0.964987
		10	0.278842
		100	0.019664
EG-BH	Beheira	1	58.290564
		10	4.781792
		100	0.147597
EG-BNS	Beni Suef	1	18.737753
		10	2.779056
		100	0.015335
EG-C	Cairo	1	80.105003
		10	46.374305
		100	4.873379
EG-DK	Dakahlia	1	83.545064
		10	12.210300
		100	2.532189
EG-DT	Damietta	1	85.626911
		10	21.442706
		100	6.314085
EG-FYM	Faiyum	1	35.262882
		10	5.205192
		100	0.114724
EG-GH	Gharbiyya	1	98.682503
		10	14.372692
		100	0.029943
EG-GZ	Giza	1	9.523296
		10	3.067822
		100	0.144709
EG-IS	Ismailia	1	40.012766
		10	4.991489
		100	0.119149
EG-JS	South Sinai	1	2.905969
		10	0.858625
		100	0.073211
EG-KB	Qalyubia	1	99.937304
		10	50.642633
		100	0.736677
EG-KFS	Kafr el-Sheikh	1	71.314932
		10	4.759835
		100	0.030428
EG-KN	Qena	1	12.240188
		10	2.569660
		100	0.007796
EG-LX	Luxor Governate	1	61.800958
		10	18.060507
		100	0.050932
EG-MN	Minya Governate	1	11.349890
		10	1.634934
		100	0.016207
EG-MNF	Monufia	1	95.776664
		10	15.613815
		100	0.107373
EG-MT	Matrouh	1	2.423757
		10	0.478989
		100	0.033034
EG-PTS	Port Said	1	35.094142
		10	7.819038
		100	3.451883
EG-SHG	Sohag	1	16.531440
		10	4.676583
		100	0.060101
EG-SHR	Al Sharqia	1	90.163620
		10	15.440160
		100	0.318789
EG-SIN	North Sinai	1	3.129115
		10	0.415121
		100	0.002674
EG-SUZ	Suez	1	16.718151
		10	3.540096
		100	0.115326
EG-WAD	New Valley	1	0.689880
		10	0.114560
		100	0.004331

Next, we visualize the percentage of areas with higher nightlights radiance with threshold 10 for each second-level administrative division. This threshold should indicate urban centers or areas with significant commercial or industrial activities. Please note that

Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook

Fig. 6 Nightlights concentration in area percentage using threshold 10 in Egypt.

Finally, we estimate the percentage of areas with higher nightlights radiance (with thresholds 1, 10, 100) nationally.

	shapeName	Threshold	Area (%)
0	Egypt	1	6.128890
0	Egypt	10	1.227392
0	Egypt	100	0.070555

Nightlights Trends

Year-over-Year Comparison

In this step, we calculate the difference between the 2012 and 2022 (latest available) VNP46A4 yearly composites.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(20, 10))

delta = (
    (
        EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time="2022-01-01")
        - EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time="2012-01-01")
    )
    / EGY_VNP46A4r["NearNadir_Composite_Snow_Free"].sel(time="2012-01-01")
).plot.pcolormesh(ax=ax, cmap="Spectral", robust=True, vmin=-4, vmax=4)
cx.add_basemap(
    ax, crs=EGY.crs.to_string(), source=cx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels
)

ax.text(
    0,
    -0.1,
    "Source: NASA Black Marble",
    ha="left",
    va="center",
    transform=ax.transAxes,
    fontsize=10,
    color="black",
    weight="normal",
)
ax.set_title(f"{COUNTRY}: Nightlights Trends (2012-2022)", fontsize=20);

Fig. 7 Difference between 2012 and 2022 in sum of lights (SOL) based on NASA Black Marble’s VNP46A4 yearly composites. Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

Benchmark Comparison

In this exploratory analysis, we conducted analysis of NTL radiance trends, comparing the observed average radiance levels in 2012-2022 for each second-level administrative division.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

EGY_benchmark = 100 * (EGY_TABLE / EGY_TABLE[(EGY_TABLE.index.year <= 2022)].mean() - 1)
EGY_benchmark = EGY_benchmark[EGY_benchmark < 250]

pd.set_option("display.max_rows", None)
EGY_benchmark.style.map(
    lambda x: "background-color: #DF4661" if x < -100 else "background-color: white"
)

	ntl_sum
shapeName	Al Sharqia	Alexandria	Aswan	Asyut	Beheira	Beni Suef	Cairo	Dakahlia	Damietta	Faiyum	Gharbiyya	Giza	Ismailia	Kafr el-Sheikh	Luxor Governate	Matrouh	Minya Governate	Monufia	New Valley	North Sinai	Port Said	Qalyubia	Qena	Red Sea	Sohag	South Sinai	Suez
date
2012-01-01 00:00:00	-36.941038	-28.734946	nan	nan	-65.633412	nan	-18.419533	24.825911	10.140702	nan	9.990900	131.110724	29.016202	-3.736534	nan	-28.442730	120.447268	-16.868786	44.851967	-22.334668	61.407021	-5.667708	145.527850	55.541400	-3.123755	4.752909	-0.547099
2012-02-01 00:00:00	-35.206696	-49.764967	165.262635	-29.123010	-69.932506	-70.382481	-23.697042	19.282348	9.717100	-56.793390	6.178404	-41.303381	-78.443186	152.321128	-0.146886	-37.338744	-75.600706	-20.176903	22.181670	-15.137199	77.105086	-10.514891	-18.648350	66.721691	-18.163835	19.711155	-7.355361
2012-03-01 00:00:00	-52.098211	-42.766048	nan	6.321569	-72.724096	-33.619295	-19.269837	2.043723	0.896503	-15.680657	0.267168	-21.070572	-84.592710	138.937134	-27.046337	-10.726653	-24.341507	-19.840298	25.275078	-7.511470	46.226132	-5.172073	107.494255	70.240516	52.329611	33.232014	-6.330532
2012-04-01 00:00:00	-53.270893	-33.993528	nan	-51.351437	-65.647572	-30.390176	-13.039083	-1.947400	-0.482117	-57.999924	19.271708	-30.260762	-27.666836	77.448014	-47.499836	-25.202573	-51.005926	-9.973808	-17.452076	-14.803692	21.680312	10.559694	-25.158927	69.209362	-20.441646	-0.482940	2.104367
2012-05-01 00:00:00	-60.270518	-37.361997	nan	-64.049577	-66.462366	-49.738121	-13.216430	10.146298	2.577614	-72.762890	17.345507	-34.853379	-48.441967	107.291578	-47.770424	-25.063039	-79.672445	-15.902010	-20.679637	0.131251	32.859661	1.928410	-16.699889	71.041581	-39.495915	1.203377	4.987920
2012-06-01 00:00:00	94.873782	-21.345145	nan	-23.788315	-15.877892	93.773359	-13.381462	-1.701747	-2.296721	8.361975	9.408828	42.321636	110.265661	30.556243	-54.013161	-22.493585	66.642146	-4.486702	25.583603	-12.790267	24.625628	0.393418	-32.082618	63.793782	-43.403009	-4.807073	2.225538
2012-07-01 00:00:00	124.981419	-18.823202	nan	-48.889387	nan	70.750798	-3.055002	-0.074672	-0.074324	0.807749	10.312709	99.230540	184.371260	-1.743555	-56.220303	-27.609203	-29.054691	-13.055201	9.946830	-15.423474	16.088777	16.043645	-36.614559	66.302684	-49.292587	-3.938809	-4.391791
2012-08-01 00:00:00	212.535811	62.569204	nan	214.452207	77.625092	nan	2.144139	0.337508	-1.152467	205.224582	8.437816	23.343150	nan	208.510702	-15.955083	-21.102713	189.638516	-9.972835	30.566973	-12.300375	22.747870	20.032380	100.029216	68.816006	-18.842643	14.757260	4.558288
2012-09-01 00:00:00	nan	206.243472	46.768063	nan	nan	192.805830	-10.197032	4.941506	-1.191095	152.233127	13.443891	106.515957	nan	157.144570	9.803422	28.295248	nan	nan	12.865965	-5.503517	25.778977	9.168535	66.513946	70.459257	232.662260	-3.628080	1.156991
2012-10-01 00:00:00	-47.062228	35.469348	0.097813	-58.968359	nan	-8.076235	-13.781195	12.703640	1.315105	-56.533287	13.846443	-16.556167	-37.268761	-13.063678	-46.066962	2.527986	65.840836	-4.326372	12.944325	-4.850904	40.064100	4.891425	-19.888213	75.341729	-8.801111	15.337390	-5.665979
2012-11-01 00:00:00	-57.806157	-11.473738	36.916927	-46.644628	-69.626147	-60.014800	-16.765083	6.608371	3.967941	-63.349842	3.440583	-37.394272	-62.501612	-27.983137	-31.795046	-9.901783	-19.899420	-24.489670	-6.225220	-14.414601	32.682726	-1.000867	-27.938000	63.208156	-46.288320	7.674997	0.095460
2012-12-01 00:00:00	-47.050589	-1.644396	88.189824	-68.447763	-73.650585	-29.684391	-16.688725	3.719024	1.664058	-31.396430	3.504107	-18.278873	-79.654225	-1.087308	-13.173535	-28.268330	-22.309095	-25.338780	15.430879	-19.425556	29.179355	-0.204356	-24.394036	68.623835	-29.618628	-3.399813	-1.979565
2013-01-01 00:00:00	-64.828235	-40.548120	73.945270	-64.987473	-73.106734	-70.449516	-17.632669	2.498317	2.378412	-56.501124	1.444924	-36.141789	-87.658502	-36.219392	-43.621546	-34.477443	-33.000432	-23.626114	44.497980	17.688744	25.601942	-8.543288	-22.113304	65.100193	-47.848260	14.094861	-5.344565
2013-02-01 00:00:00	-62.853092	-52.781100	37.044157	-56.940163	-72.033987	-47.999479	-18.982173	1.801521	0.159058	-55.338383	2.148576	-38.472123	-84.484518	-33.039300	-43.725441	-26.157908	11.885564	-22.238001	32.682664	-23.829977	35.672211	-8.936287	-24.020984	64.028018	-42.886677	-4.949982	-2.208279
2013-03-01 00:00:00	-43.057634	-29.841913	126.741921	-67.786463	-70.249717	-74.076015	-14.481596	7.004505	4.522245	-60.023679	10.130513	-36.236418	-84.991050	-1.854721	-44.328807	-8.539697	-71.896856	-18.789988	46.499608	65.477566	74.013028	-2.070837	-24.666019	60.364922	-46.019864	13.784325	7.190189
2013-04-01 00:00:00	-56.943422	-31.127863	84.276558	-5.909964	-70.036514	-10.602343	-11.367841	-0.145840	-0.785687	-15.036658	13.492407	-31.362786	-85.697200	-16.927900	-46.027453	-30.660911	105.814170	-15.758745	34.495027	-9.537856	21.181275	1.983883	-24.838308	62.746513	-25.323138	11.692071	9.036904
2013-05-01 00:00:00	-24.691340	-39.065331	59.470066	-70.067027	-70.559630	8.498965	-14.723875	-3.233715	-2.588744	-70.756292	3.639299	-35.237514	-23.870683	-19.614302	-55.115512	-6.611473	-19.786630	-24.031507	11.556007	1.070715	19.979719	-3.551066	-36.616850	64.852573	-51.779408	21.949794	18.423767
2013-06-01 00:00:00	-58.176476	-47.277985	26.247083	-70.873453	-70.548388	-55.866014	-15.831473	-6.549837	-0.164924	-71.614163	-0.720714	-36.429676	-47.290825	-28.588266	-57.852186	-23.002804	-75.751270	-28.166054	-53.898271	-10.027172	13.769366	-4.196713	-38.586061	55.352903	-55.291945	-0.911085	5.871607
2013-07-01 00:00:00	nan	-5.631899	217.032403	-64.499652	nan	136.558386	4.701512	1.742069	-1.233625	10.190368	5.738040	123.192919	245.843315	78.970722	-56.506744	-25.027864	-43.403898	nan	-18.244533	-11.881331	18.771917	32.936867	-35.203519	60.538047	-50.193382	1.455784	4.669205
2013-08-01 00:00:00	nan	199.904268	25.034697	154.252822	nan	nan	-10.585168	-1.958249	-1.828285	150.698444	-1.522445	-0.182306	nan	nan	-58.923137	-7.589515	204.309925	-1.698426	-60.335039	nan	21.382470	18.059570	-39.537511	62.944097	5.543449	9.404380	-0.582317
2013-09-01 00:00:00	23.695662	-18.018175	-24.496350	nan	175.593455	nan	-17.095089	-4.765523	-1.282875	115.653995	3.875014	52.588598	-9.904064	16.847224	-56.762638	-10.530200	nan	103.333603	-4.642867	71.518129	15.551982	2.438961	-5.657633	59.921332	nan	-10.415836	-2.696877
2013-10-01 00:00:00	-52.621187	-28.936533	-6.225251	nan	-65.353134	181.382169	-20.953596	-0.887149	-0.567540	60.670893	11.750728	42.082659	21.338805	-19.609109	-8.063636	-11.533970	nan	-19.535055	48.399873	nan	11.492308	4.616049	-0.505597	56.874256	122.711573	-6.475045	2.115971
2013-11-01 00:00:00	-62.115889	-34.506958	-45.538807	-44.988311	-67.578606	9.199950	-18.883682	1.947741	-0.026456	-32.408415	2.714825	-31.318784	-75.157938	-29.797429	-28.146494	-25.284947	21.246145	-20.517400	32.285272	-5.573214	29.444657	-2.121977	23.663597	56.734827	83.970434	11.206183	-9.208013
2013-12-01 00:00:00	-53.220786	31.227944	184.280012	61.708429	-75.003884	-73.117610	-20.658468	20.115868	7.131859	-60.141116	-0.931647	-37.874827	-69.998589	-40.038691	126.587083	22.231748	-41.029039	-23.271095	54.812849	-25.215557	36.992033	-9.301160	152.562232	62.761387	88.897674	23.639394	-12.230145
2014-01-01 00:00:00	-57.878482	-38.023285	121.778304	9.255252	-75.714743	-63.825295	-19.732035	2.648467	-1.389942	-62.259066	-4.754149	-42.085640	-78.651251	-1.543637	-37.655130	-11.279017	-71.246050	-30.266749	62.003441	-30.331344	37.239537	-10.408561	-12.388677	63.001557	163.649514	-1.803103	-8.474374
2014-02-01 00:00:00	-44.531509	-19.487634	nan	55.829555	-73.711909	-6.862997	-15.807733	4.656184	4.127758	26.067389	-3.718682	5.474272	5.269478	61.467279	nan	-22.280678	141.819826	-29.252143	77.979104	-23.980314	50.462321	-8.519565	48.103203	65.430129	10.142590	-5.290837	-4.869460
2014-03-01 00:00:00	-65.280201	-55.547480	-33.200896	-71.743621	-73.781512	-4.028328	-17.390102	-3.198007	-2.908080	-57.503286	-2.055419	-36.690518	-84.052411	-29.442061	-51.429768	-8.410641	-45.266438	-27.221434	50.660558	-21.528837	19.146314	-3.643048	-32.519035	64.520998	-57.299138	18.343098	-5.498525
2014-04-01 00:00:00	-61.830947	-53.796108	-53.950120	-63.229252	-73.012321	-30.757544	-15.114423	-1.597525	0.793469	1.083509	-2.843305	-17.102221	-85.870858	-24.886329	-54.983389	-16.602115	-52.283703	-26.914320	-6.251184	-13.911461	21.572945	-4.925037	-37.842378	68.826932	-55.785862	1.760333	0.662995
2014-05-01 00:00:00	-64.834594	-7.373652	-43.194164	-72.900436	-72.666645	-69.929784	-15.096424	-4.303590	-0.920923	-50.527108	0.557331	-35.987600	-87.653767	-29.719613	-57.634032	31.537294	-75.796130	-26.163639	10.960775	-14.060070	21.208932	-2.149465	-42.368035	67.667077	-60.165769	15.371958	-8.085357
2014-06-01 00:00:00	-63.197994	3.135904	-28.665037	-75.667226	-74.850734	-57.422904	-13.338431	-5.523124	-1.395819	-69.931487	-11.747157	-38.357665	-58.653773	-36.364911	-61.669627	1.688551	-87.971016	-32.627550	-28.092983	130.584839	-12.606741	-6.110641	-45.726487	-1.219775	-64.114481	-4.742765	-4.004664
2014-07-01 00:00:00	-40.534137	-20.674331	-48.765111	-74.631864	-6.735144	38.658935	-2.533239	-7.226065	-0.779883	-19.211211	-10.641418	-30.274161	-68.116148	-36.173194	-64.035110	-16.753981	-22.379824	-20.943228	-59.686207	186.343840	-17.599007	10.947864	-47.675340	-51.885011	-65.232086	-6.387368	-5.785261
2014-08-01 00:00:00	nan	130.315290	-88.349310	77.424515	54.682080	nan	-19.814852	-7.715118	-1.435735	nan	-18.721201	57.679488	nan	2.390838	-38.506769	2.036423	nan	-36.908281	-52.343527	104.591466	-21.228969	-8.615169	-36.162366	-45.901782	83.618742	1.337595	-14.458455
2014-09-01 00:00:00	4.324653	18.390612	58.686844	180.038798	20.350257	97.744071	-17.448720	-2.173169	-2.434277	55.019807	-7.907785	-25.738528	56.216862	-31.861117	nan	-11.542627	204.415288	-27.386780	27.357501	19.720025	-8.395065	-5.450575	87.833829	-39.219472	79.026351	-4.959831	-3.784855
2014-10-01 00:00:00	159.268015	17.676947	-6.762238	189.031733	-3.982423	nan	-16.006925	-6.572521	-3.881111	133.397333	-2.120107	86.758108	57.083508	-25.824684	39.418268	0.050558	nan	-0.173561	-16.200214	-12.532217	-14.490160	-2.689990	-5.191956	-24.280980	-7.609445	20.986322	-6.012761
2014-11-01 00:00:00	12.177750	68.091779	192.655003	112.192612	-73.281501	106.839894	-19.588877	3.739542	0.819106	106.667697	-5.612772	24.402866	-6.224123	-37.962428	nan	2.569997	77.282889	-27.958268	52.255811	-24.730849	-9.160182	-7.508335	52.007978	-18.600993	-19.408786	-3.698569	-5.337278
2014-12-01 00:00:00	-41.693963	-13.407645	-85.491024	137.491842	-74.773227	49.255052	-17.321810	3.007664	1.680822	52.118497	-7.660437	21.272923	-78.418591	15.392400	94.975689	35.712211	-45.548442	-32.470288	35.224277	-11.064557	7.527176	-9.192842	109.610880	-4.785010	183.442364	-0.222615	-2.093854
2015-01-01 00:00:00	-55.861572	-23.056276	36.477770	-20.992894	-78.512113	-78.397360	-17.854682	6.834299	1.354787	-57.539747	-16.817338	-39.568649	-89.405724	-18.184628	-31.629693	-11.209079	19.148396	-36.385073	42.224238	-25.549640	16.607469	-11.678263	-33.936228	-4.625443	46.102170	12.044320	-5.485976
2015-02-01 00:00:00	-57.285497	-16.110236	-92.718288	-42.978208	-75.012800	-60.783039	-14.361173	9.986676	5.681274	-60.261948	-9.905073	-29.923475	-88.658085	1.364461	84.630046	-13.810651	-74.509272	-35.163129	29.595613	-24.589727	3.181484	-6.934427	27.554888	-16.072450	-35.152711	-8.659223	-7.099525
2015-03-01 00:00:00	-59.497968	-11.116371	-60.633927	-58.696408	-77.052914	-36.570364	-14.931392	2.215106	1.457847	-69.437413	-10.046083	-34.847661	-81.887416	-27.229574	-42.303114	78.624121	-79.582688	-33.708399	-12.144594	-26.731602	-14.560181	0.549893	-37.750670	-21.542287	-26.814916	7.589252	-5.708753
2015-04-01 00:00:00	-57.244281	-41.785151	-77.715872	-71.437008	-75.652841	-48.720191	-11.292372	-4.454177	0.105404	-60.311014	-6.312817	-32.392783	-88.629587	17.041310	-53.221760	-5.557550	-43.440005	-29.906790	37.109734	-35.370523	-12.211203	-3.840222	-36.720079	15.607377	-60.914771	7.790482	-2.930854
2015-05-01 00:00:00	-65.032060	-32.038839	-92.399313	-74.269066	-75.380222	-70.701825	-11.872810	1.429932	-2.150681	-69.478497	-8.063338	-34.949652	-86.988658	-5.250950	-59.296766	-6.153678	-86.871024	-26.532206	38.089774	-27.927964	-11.038624	-4.931003	-43.467030	-19.781285	-65.831000	26.846332	-0.599723
2015-06-01 00:00:00	-59.422189	2.084678	-92.376786	-73.153081	-54.397043	-63.955750	-0.126172	-4.736545	-2.401937	-70.656932	-2.319522	-28.390468	-84.721402	-31.949686	-60.531790	-2.907406	-81.923253	-11.623450	-45.134580	-28.078013	-18.380075	12.140145	-44.314662	-51.386046	-62.902170	10.063110	0.699023
2015-07-01 00:00:00	nan	4.643499	-89.524514	-12.827633	57.057712	nan	2.389692	-4.904325	-2.468825	129.867627	-3.184078	133.762762	nan	-25.550048	-19.266588	-4.587444	223.921118	86.068088	27.035914	-35.320411	-14.492330	21.403723	-34.270397	-2.638549	-60.700190	8.122647	-1.626036
2015-08-01 00:00:00	73.861992	-11.537370	-84.140331	56.960478	-60.999912	184.848419	-12.652957	-4.357997	-2.597059	196.401754	-10.998247	0.910343	nan	-37.981290	-64.478489	-17.071144	nan	-31.837198	-17.090184	-40.168644	-19.232327	-3.290463	-48.524412	38.150770	-47.693321	1.711667	-10.886330
2015-09-01 00:00:00	-66.994681	-37.756651	-88.831331	-74.507153	-73.882688	42.520851	-17.187810	-4.233111	-1.130046	-77.710456	-7.302910	-37.747166	-87.898394	-32.912005	-69.016788	-1.548549	-66.833934	-32.733989	-54.009544	-40.511079	-14.566137	-3.360923	-51.346361	2.269426	-32.009301	-15.481741	-13.152018
2015-10-01 00:00:00	-64.956614	-15.947571	-90.787670	-44.029550	-75.174649	-62.893598	-15.664346	2.688658	-1.590124	-57.078540	-3.427239	-34.447181	-87.927831	-32.850682	57.234598	6.219412	-32.309855	-30.666827	2.923876	-38.383029	-16.838218	-2.825938	-27.464926	-38.360947	-57.789515	-18.376019	-12.688248
2015-11-01 00:00:00	-66.858393	-56.679253	-0.989430	20.912311	-78.507374	-30.358014	-22.360111	-5.593513	-0.888855	-43.204795	-15.488566	-35.383384	-88.148695	-37.473387	-2.704244	0.245465	211.934901	-36.332976	55.078793	-38.535382	-9.884828	-5.864883	-5.149080	-19.038202	13.524767	12.889410	-5.573279
2015-12-01 00:00:00	-55.523658	147.066903	-10.441494	81.635426	-77.108905	-18.205911	-21.109269	7.351116	5.067344	-24.700960	-9.874707	-11.520910	-85.750208	169.712675	140.023639	-6.210975	86.603626	-36.585673	60.997242	-40.370245	9.433824	-11.615900	-28.671405	-10.357153	29.995935	-9.467428	-14.712402
2016-01-01 00:00:00	-65.633876	-60.128866	82.190333	-69.423786	-79.086771	-78.489544	-20.526391	-2.390502	-1.338189	-71.838346	-8.847850	-39.163630	-88.326917	-32.329384	135.288832	-2.636514	-57.403245	-35.802582	77.408113	-7.566191	-0.645274	-14.036970	186.307264	-19.144083	31.907634	-8.505887	-10.916421
2016-02-01 00:00:00	-20.475071	-55.517488	-23.181370	13.106069	-76.647156	17.786200	-13.758660	-0.803485	-0.064003	-46.136534	-4.641992	-35.711517	26.041324	83.359977	nan	2.649348	-11.569160	-36.569730	79.202189	-34.485779	-2.115470	4.540759	86.146093	-10.099203	34.063276	-18.143504	-0.037855
2016-03-01 00:00:00	-60.849961	-55.812763	-12.026115	-71.130084	-75.646195	-75.877609	-14.994287	-3.639765	0.134645	-73.231447	5.961654	-32.992925	-86.885778	-23.692474	-52.873983	23.599673	-68.760532	-31.474246	67.181375	-14.437065	-7.397251	-9.639254	-22.639597	-6.792862	-6.683351	-20.339849	-5.768934
2016-04-01 00:00:00	-42.247557	-40.517844	-72.806455	-61.989874	-74.919398	-74.400532	-10.595387	-0.387032	0.970811	-69.010211	8.916225	-31.026456	-68.322421	nan	-59.875927	20.246158	-11.974362	-28.322792	52.505658	-35.296794	-3.129571	-2.792413	-33.913383	-33.235001	-55.251048	-11.086926	-4.442662
2016-05-01 00:00:00	-64.556797	-24.904009	-65.825478	-71.167275	-73.915705	-71.947660	-8.299757	-1.777239	-0.431574	-77.921077	8.188606	-30.691647	-84.377947	-24.427448	-60.764394	36.148709	-86.446625	-29.806489	8.968608	-28.313887	-3.866447	-1.884814	-41.766268	-25.822694	-48.443372	-14.947959	2.136212
2016-06-01 00:00:00	-60.459348	0.980824	23.391598	-42.576451	-71.762625	-37.233297	10.578721	-7.311343	-2.857801	-72.462516	17.785406	-17.753359	-83.945306	-16.358308	-60.815243	17.063848	-49.190583	-17.788556	28.934938	-26.602001	-19.570970	27.485376	-41.314141	-5.211566	-41.661389	3.413241	5.930169
2016-07-01 00:00:00	3.441172	1.486866	48.759981	183.683416	10.598086	nan	-3.942079	-3.728018	-2.922087	130.704224	8.027818	-10.061059	-31.854141	-24.852524	-60.832010	0.371327	226.519133	29.583620	-12.507931	nan	-11.247603	9.175780	-41.721559	-13.164033	34.470482	-18.685589	-9.432275
2016-08-01 00:00:00	nan	nan	-89.091568	182.624241	nan	nan	-11.149875	-4.032606	-0.985372	192.813627	6.341403	84.302224	nan	45.440803	-61.735780	218.853796	nan	139.318466	-13.340239	-31.339353	-10.494086	1.435616	76.523321	-16.963255	-43.656718	-10.063973	-8.747347
2016-09-01 00:00:00	nan	74.949821	-6.029228	148.191872	nan	nan	-14.645823	-1.739646	-4.109181	177.502970	7.291589	120.556023	nan	-13.436542	nan	3.702137	52.337458	nan	61.153786	-27.622681	-19.407899	8.284446	nan	13.114343	nan	-18.422561	-8.804964
2016-10-01 00:00:00	nan	89.184176	47.758943	104.012480	219.308120	-1.865786	-13.262790	-5.859334	-1.804239	-19.620137	9.915625	65.666302	nan	-15.262406	210.586150	6.199282	91.892553	152.056467	39.400555	166.219669	-18.965020	5.266810	nan	-24.427486	155.846796	-25.116461	-2.217589
2016-11-01 00:00:00	-32.210134	-28.702155	-41.485321	-46.909023	-34.410707	63.475330	-14.234953	-3.844806	-3.502610	142.861921	4.874646	4.755303	-77.926308	-19.591887	156.179491	-2.196890	-79.022393	-13.846152	71.127244	18.659312	-3.502441	-3.438912	27.222093	-21.063709	115.938897	-2.716171	-8.819132
2016-12-01 00:00:00	-44.621164	-18.631487	-25.550556	-56.804187	-77.379415	143.061127	-13.084611	-5.663676	-1.926112	-25.239892	0.378626	-8.357813	-34.287398	-21.563908	-33.439915	-11.184827	-60.112101	-28.067176	54.445912	-4.471317	-8.103303	-7.156603	-18.151056	-22.449705	17.943408	-5.728639	-4.576517
2017-01-01 00:00:00	-24.129288	-1.923889	-74.446620	-60.666616	-76.308691	-17.161710	-15.097916	9.303173	3.996058	22.197417	-2.334065	-32.247477	-12.943043	125.450812	-54.606772	-13.781590	-48.029541	-31.719158	55.025213	-17.554404	0.996585	-12.128440	-44.809796	-23.837737	-53.637888	-8.018840	-6.543324
2017-02-01 00:00:00	-40.614096	-64.196539	17.204393	135.916043	-77.760998	-67.831005	-17.284320	-0.007465	1.342941	-53.976018	-5.505851	-37.875858	-49.787606	94.748532	210.287149	4.756712	-47.440589	-32.883316	89.524953	-11.615505	-0.166352	-12.794614	nan	-18.131678	3.622574	-22.005116	-6.083467
2017-03-01 00:00:00	-51.315985	-44.930372	-75.818787	nan	-75.768264	-75.725183	-7.655448	6.414833	3.027142	-64.507852	1.741835	-19.388578	-75.345525	-17.536491	-32.604981	-26.693165	-19.613849	-29.601622	53.285115	29.523340	4.255011	-5.363352	-41.522170	-15.558735	-29.240457	-19.970605	-7.839911
2017-04-01 00:00:00	-11.079150	-15.537544	-60.952519	-68.521418	-73.641612	-74.887260	-9.185514	1.126743	-0.033107	-71.780377	10.480013	-30.441332	55.326324	34.470216	-53.991272	-6.450745	-72.460486	-27.128993	65.733110	nan	3.855504	-4.891511	-42.351997	-40.401452	-49.629992	8.534957	-2.119897
2017-05-01 00:00:00	-32.080381	-27.800453	-25.416092	-66.570967	-49.322890	-61.082593	-5.750652	-1.773164	-1.749837	-51.716071	13.136276	-29.348880	74.288980	-19.816589	-57.062919	2.717500	-59.568436	9.714711	3.438782	-25.788970	-20.003388	0.580720	-44.781256	-16.610449	-49.095308	-5.563715	1.789969
2017-06-01 00:00:00	24.990286	-27.904453	1.415986	75.940117	8.838307	13.327046	9.312465	-2.227870	-1.690569	-42.203428	12.128965	-11.406182	33.187615	-20.005208	-57.938886	-7.348268	-44.261962	3.336055	-31.389358	-19.644437	-12.718666	22.316223	-43.381802	-35.547263	-9.832463	-4.485530	-2.233107
2017-07-01 00:00:00	-61.697289	5.214494	116.420896	-70.532665	-50.656206	-74.435685	-9.154597	-5.470062	-3.725952	-74.932146	9.154266	-31.874704	-79.833259	-17.981157	-62.779051	-10.038294	-59.231419	-26.104656	20.354574	-30.983670	-14.643589	1.326303	-48.985507	31.918779	-52.778973	-6.163157	-6.956899
2017-08-01 00:00:00	42.595628	214.910451	17.238949	53.217110	10.251514	-22.144056	-10.902973	-5.841046	-0.989832	79.555212	2.683529	-10.797942	181.489407	-25.514602	62.374312	80.898362	152.878541	19.752984	35.879117	-28.284223	-18.154531	-4.256519	120.697517	30.160981	159.276686	-5.011973	-7.106811
2017-09-01 00:00:00	235.892671	26.630901	-76.334363	nan	172.523221	182.514472	-10.452230	-5.473726	-0.596011	133.459383	10.806592	85.305962	nan	-11.460876	177.414331	-11.207224	25.009755	19.019294	56.242625	19.672793	-22.365051	2.581799	183.554637	-1.126955	99.743984	-15.582163	-1.157813
2017-10-01 00:00:00	114.665609	0.596325	nan	56.414461	73.437909	30.130620	-7.792835	-5.458762	-1.784247	34.433490	11.360858	47.928887	172.469356	-16.610073	16.710557	-13.587575	121.957428	87.597444	83.740334	-16.852254	-7.303223	-3.346647	79.330868	-14.616900	-35.671927	-13.801410	11.303536
2017-11-01 00:00:00	-21.565379	-1.546275	43.022908	-58.785660	-68.629766	-6.853804	-13.033974	-0.724419	0.754297	1.840538	4.676861	74.594029	-27.853080	-15.467791	-54.973877	-8.078467	-23.573858	-28.358272	70.148676	-27.223510	-1.981489	-9.030542	-43.014707	0.474355	25.190077	-3.709770	-5.176166
2017-12-01 00:00:00	-18.616314	37.854248	-90.491079	-69.895420	-62.251197	-40.259628	-10.802014	17.770834	2.970778	35.798527	0.934869	-27.466879	-13.001384	7.208813	-57.510566	18.212751	-87.271259	-27.070834	53.523328	-25.827850	22.368195	-8.255197	-45.866963	-7.658911	-51.788321	-16.354833	4.341313
2018-01-01 00:00:00	-65.840370	-53.599614	79.585940	195.668126	-77.867939	-69.030717	-10.453206	2.663887	1.730673	-54.496422	-4.394178	-25.434666	-87.203869	-22.362302	103.512511	-25.251351	32.427851	-33.342602	92.228215	-36.232802	-1.529098	-12.305300	194.377147	-6.358856	-34.022654	-17.112633	-6.034621
2018-02-01 00:00:00	-26.161820	-24.178554	-51.447608	-70.647636	-75.867157	-71.720564	-10.241383	17.691288	9.682487	-64.781066	-4.331585	-28.175271	-52.620483	21.987035	-46.152992	2.754393	7.407661	-34.810955	84.139852	-33.356522	26.233691	3.641612	-38.311459	30.264504	-20.972659	-7.876897	-9.766643
2018-03-01 00:00:00	-49.779441	-27.710412	-28.702487	-70.855603	-73.549338	-75.864894	-7.653926	-6.291730	-1.270593	-26.264013	5.963981	-31.708441	-79.863272	-14.164045	-25.429697	nan	-35.742048	-29.169507	80.018623	-17.579172	-0.765137	-9.104127	70.110146	-19.370373	-30.118706	-2.241870	-9.693238
2018-04-01 00:00:00	-60.275268	15.669786	-85.636700	-70.582369	-71.517763	-74.222395	-5.325887	1.172311	-0.546649	-64.555058	13.493919	-28.292231	-85.231624	15.712505	-49.369871	1.582646	-83.296009	-23.202158	90.889103	-31.175191	0.455113	-5.459027	-45.421382	24.755979	-47.754864	-13.177635	0.859595
2018-05-01 00:00:00	-57.654834	-12.999064	-82.687870	-69.055303	-72.317617	-74.008325	11.744162	2.348083	-0.867588	-67.508739	14.090767	-11.247110	-85.055982	-12.459096	-59.422610	-5.483455	-75.792113	-22.312553	68.454418	-32.804709	-2.221982	17.751946	-47.403226	-5.560498	-48.157286	-3.998676	-3.181697
2018-06-01 00:00:00	-49.898851	-29.394002	-16.281317	-68.870767	-72.374837	-73.114525	7.308030	-1.732912	1.447147	-71.991016	15.388009	-22.450298	-64.034625	-19.054369	-59.695088	-7.011147	-84.824844	-22.175575	78.089784	-32.147488	-12.263321	14.505102	-46.239033	0.043727	-48.279848	0.148753	-4.332015
2018-07-01 00:00:00	53.973856	34.322170	-58.904757	-71.993528	94.599439	-67.446122	-6.286251	2.650031	-0.607849	-63.553890	7.455053	-32.731346	120.548735	-24.185069	-62.704971	-10.946396	-70.755827	-28.568902	51.323743	-38.692631	-11.177900	-3.414976	-50.034099	16.210982	-51.557683	-19.086119	-10.657211
2018-08-01 00:00:00	210.757799	101.632261	-93.330960	-56.545685	nan	44.273797	-8.535722	1.175283	-1.500388	127.565007	4.670345	121.874029	nan	-26.567586	-63.553258	95.270473	-54.568318	108.361123	24.607493	-32.734437	-14.365036	0.969244	-50.842194	9.022580	81.822263	-14.783035	-13.674485
2018-09-01 00:00:00	164.363231	62.517644	-92.463807	15.242027	-9.882785	-62.761087	-7.842612	-4.385827	-4.284370	-65.353046	8.043291	1.991876	195.839861	-22.922873	-62.594187	-16.932434	17.147076	79.388007	-31.194331	-39.709568	-11.211301	-3.889942	-49.672044	19.577763	-23.328792	-16.988264	-7.752204
2018-10-01 00:00:00	-56.426883	-39.191590	-70.612056	-18.966605	-72.912836	-66.489868	-6.208199	2.189980	-2.070250	-47.105394	9.753673	-9.180833	-85.240924	-22.293780	-60.265957	-20.641414	-61.268919	-27.400478	35.805305	-29.861612	-9.563799	-3.561720	-44.639013	20.671120	-48.751153	-18.188114	-5.771633
2018-11-01 00:00:00	-60.131482	-46.608869	-67.369838	-36.334674	-52.399049	-41.657921	-6.914944	1.472708	-1.695747	-2.276154	1.009214	29.261405	-45.569393	-30.901440	-2.629555	-18.022529	-75.081546	-31.115185	90.128291	-33.782766	-3.160926	-8.354495	-13.443881	-8.516219	-23.628118	-16.127338	-10.152421
2018-12-01 00:00:00	-53.753143	-18.823705	-78.609986	-11.294813	-78.992849	-78.138288	-3.430048	3.602657	0.292919	-75.704164	-10.155679	-17.934224	-52.115700	-8.410175	-55.556514	-28.684183	-87.780948	-36.181253	69.547817	-24.382366	0.269522	-9.606226	-43.137181	7.454644	-47.664942	6.171757	-9.077397
2019-01-01 00:00:00	-65.690539	-45.853861	-70.446746	-49.780490	-77.614567	-73.923527	-2.912217	-7.206199	-3.699050	-18.512006	-3.412114	-13.517245	-70.401750	-31.730633	-60.137797	-24.185784	-64.710499	-31.696703	94.482545	-31.061718	-13.206487	-10.837217	1.254995	-0.164436	23.392288	-7.929039	-2.907915
2019-02-01 00:00:00	-62.703948	-52.326523	-83.489796	-59.762272	-76.348745	-76.377800	-4.240221	0.874655	-2.216073	-57.966678	-0.307342	-32.277442	-88.341913	-26.531229	-21.802119	-27.406945	19.191954	-30.305372	100.582926	-40.484870	-14.403414	-10.367507	-26.969465	-4.716400	7.933532	-5.948988	-14.811444
2019-03-01 00:00:00	-59.289629	-45.392399	-82.178360	-68.810249	-75.682882	-74.045037	-3.347316	-2.782206	-1.292470	-72.302587	2.144388	-28.800862	-87.994512	3.712170	-60.785367	-18.673411	-70.895593	-28.974370	87.086102	-33.313034	1.113865	-11.219420	-51.719282	14.047337	-49.377069	1.367915	-11.299096
2019-04-01 00:00:00	-63.097387	-49.937190	-88.637252	-68.787719	-73.582051	-72.847382	3.134616	-3.438679	1.344804	-71.052675	8.230024	-24.482266	-86.441917	-7.588089	-60.103044	-14.371225	-45.090991	-25.765132	80.150653	-27.425976	-12.746960	1.714260	-50.307326	21.662667	-48.351353	-14.456277	-3.170768
2019-05-01 00:00:00	-56.328573	-18.263745	-91.867390	-65.288574	-65.875528	-70.731337	29.984789	-2.415575	0.200011	-53.058751	19.935105	-8.644546	-82.475028	17.845627	-59.538820	3.510252	-82.294174	-17.024551	81.249447	-22.909521	-9.476452	33.372199	-49.493667	34.621392	-44.087847	-6.963636	9.680137
2019-06-01 00:00:00	-53.728394	-21.596563	-83.270036	-65.618375	-66.153537	-71.324275	7.165475	-1.500322	0.148141	-38.932145	10.818575	-23.501694	-82.757433	-19.206449	-63.328580	-0.469207	-73.048050	-23.785846	41.636018	-29.086022	-10.393311	5.980502	-53.361720	-25.361051	-49.548655	4.961671	0.624809
2019-07-01 00:00:00	-38.392322	24.810928	-83.733054	-54.123357	11.073605	-67.125875	3.828472	-1.789554	-1.694900	-0.207704	5.149336	-15.135237	-50.106551	-26.751467	-64.222229	3.469959	-71.788376	-27.429071	-14.429843	-35.770270	-14.729444	-0.686567	-53.985154	-24.182374	-50.763916	2.941644	-4.121922
2019-08-01 00:00:00	94.895313	153.670132	-92.807882	-61.032638	88.241619	-3.570427	0.869128	-4.021060	0.267183	69.781220	4.349932	15.671170	193.094848	-26.260238	-64.601528	125.849760	-81.308786	-3.520675	-41.018918	-32.329217	-20.178624	-2.019483	-50.835320	-20.607032	-51.249771	0.183515	-4.266842
2019-09-01 00:00:00	-16.077921	32.005933	-91.627097	96.456145	123.673961	62.146503	2.281355	-2.562532	0.301290	26.521751	4.838696	42.910073	-70.881767	-23.513058	-62.456332	-7.730732	28.295170	12.289138	-13.238377	-23.448950	-17.401397	-2.009042	-1.540704	-4.539675	15.502859	1.428168	-1.109506
2019-10-01 00:00:00	-65.292704	-44.998720	-92.826907	-41.311354	-74.501070	-41.152369	1.092031	-2.202108	-0.153165	-34.385162	-3.497627	-26.187966	-87.248750	-28.935615	-62.844655	-15.254904	-71.266063	-30.681573	-35.973958	-30.442225	-16.307367	-5.198283	-53.567131	-51.724649	-34.407445	-1.727014	-1.209628
2019-11-01 00:00:00	-63.346196	-41.858686	-92.860678	-2.083999	-73.499602	-58.374483	2.470471	-1.200017	-0.710286	49.152157	-1.370266	20.610423	-71.911832	-32.779790	-61.074064	-13.440141	-22.360919	-30.616827	15.336814	-26.024556	-14.628369	-6.089687	-6.403214	-49.863105	-32.126488	-7.166025	-0.896714
2019-12-01 00:00:00	-63.559716	-30.340033	-86.107138	-70.838861	-75.499648	-40.647877	7.775222	-3.964413	-0.102372	-22.506891	-5.006267	-16.798457	-70.525535	-3.216238	-40.658245	-13.788838	-74.796012	-32.313625	-4.316564	-23.359957	-9.207877	-4.994716	-32.650674	-23.479617	-46.726920	2.986447	0.431852
2020-01-01 00:00:00	-61.805315	-31.237711	-68.553619	-23.164449	-78.467334	-69.513519	4.650559	0.701681	0.502548	81.613044	-11.816731	-25.962094	-87.844212	-45.663717	-61.212955	-22.545764	-55.553633	-28.874594	-18.390700	-31.823197	-7.378109	-8.564810	9.469739	-15.186337	-0.736949	-7.374980	-2.315012
2020-02-01 00:00:00	-63.807602	-49.133861	-39.343769	54.280687	-77.401667	-71.279055	3.373480	0.203855	3.226261	-32.753684	-6.074892	-24.824314	-76.693127	-21.525091	10.810171	-14.500316	-41.628789	-34.325546	-9.152525	-37.404684	-9.669668	-9.584847	159.410907	1.254239	209.942415	2.243711	-5.459934
2020-03-01 00:00:00	-56.305178	-64.827394	-72.409781	-68.808932	-77.507134	-77.617621	0.416403	1.146580	-0.871175	-75.689121	-10.331010	-30.534243	-89.003097	62.887477	-57.153461	-13.400466	-87.520857	-35.538058	-36.583940	-41.927475	-4.456069	-14.983137	-45.630328	-45.914521	-50.688609	-20.233247	-16.388021
2020-04-01 00:00:00	-65.750656	-58.872375	-92.963127	-70.238773	-75.338925	-75.550786	6.453821	-8.484575	-1.656358	-69.973962	-1.574916	-28.613714	-87.908590	-30.217037	-61.208139	-16.766416	-64.376002	-31.492659	-28.425718	-38.960761	-15.229353	-0.856111	-54.754497	-57.869481	-50.999929	-30.272938	-12.906437
2020-05-01 00:00:00	-61.208464	-52.962440	-93.227332	-69.667350	-61.848070	-75.160387	12.291128	-7.180688	-0.776582	-65.992945	-1.229838	-25.550449	-87.029060	-21.955816	-63.392600	-15.310072	-79.665652	-29.110375	-65.032633	-38.749944	-17.125374	10.596700	-55.420152	-50.027266	-49.446084	-16.602605	-12.760573
2020-06-01 00:00:00	-62.187449	-52.764405	-92.858724	-72.308147	-74.601682	-76.065095	1.902147	-4.252161	-1.304588	-71.316191	-0.470690	-30.572085	-86.040676	-26.232446	-67.148033	-16.012309	-87.446159	-30.827982	-39.137046	-36.303651	-12.085619	-5.249068	-59.096148	-55.541874	-51.730973	-17.549855	-8.431599
2020-07-01 00:00:00	-65.609107	-1.857427	-87.459309	-72.577013	249.985153	-76.203154	4.783497	-1.610291	-1.595707	-51.329682	-4.491675	-13.317631	-87.207773	-32.022856	-66.833302	20.865850	-87.721187	54.247638	-32.833165	-41.965491	-13.163433	-4.977811	-58.693311	-46.595351	-52.542370	-17.621888	-6.973091
2020-08-01 00:00:00	198.307339	88.420554	-93.703908	-27.015821	204.790814	5.014203	5.334655	0.331113	-2.495904	192.295680	-8.905905	48.475383	nan	-28.781076	-67.599034	42.357616	-23.895743	43.414821	-50.918425	-40.408838	-13.149327	-8.318270	-59.408126	-39.777436	-48.340670	-6.720885	-7.377220
2020-09-01 00:00:00	11.745686	9.307601	-93.032922	-17.166687	18.406522	-8.607186	8.618092	-2.497056	-0.716030	23.494716	-6.054532	17.890653	20.696158	-31.418091	-65.529930	6.094237	20.279321	75.400093	-41.724346	-35.967840	-13.506221	-5.107153	-56.276556	-13.519298	67.692285	-20.925193	-1.660984
2020-10-01 00:00:00	-36.099912	6.473941	-50.381921	-7.193535	nan	-65.482846	10.383060	-1.228415	-0.740296	-47.065141	-4.124375	21.558528	-46.656455	-31.768084	-61.649811	-20.978260	-17.724904	247.995817	-68.268060	-35.170937	-18.488905	-0.909596	-35.165095	-35.592332	-47.488178	-15.063444	-0.058635
2020-11-01 00:00:00	-62.616451	-61.140039	41.673000	-6.101016	-65.845848	-71.295697	12.191260	-2.164746	1.801666	-34.689816	-6.145048	-22.292894	-87.003206	-33.339268	189.051029	-32.886237	-67.431042	-32.733614	-84.785185	-28.671586	-14.191422	-2.232355	155.516605	-28.667691	78.146332	1.367722	3.646130
2020-12-01 00:00:00	-62.968380	-48.476345	-82.412701	8.489796	-60.435022	-57.238565	12.604628	3.516432	0.923514	-55.434203	-8.943019	-18.195852	-86.712632	-31.288428	-63.431011	-35.984215	-82.457509	-4.306386	-94.814877	-26.014188	0.459430	-5.343464	-56.553252	-38.380216	-38.876225	2.768802	5.155104
2021-01-01 00:00:00	-59.544503	-48.709434	6.056165	-52.363819	-77.446345	-61.710217	8.957054	-0.588308	2.198426	27.276614	-12.875001	-17.212409	-86.998215	-35.991865	-21.653228	-34.108857	-68.773509	-36.148469	-89.902249	-22.065098	-12.268127	-12.367308	-4.689294	-29.870877	100.371015	2.487041	2.371403
2021-02-01 00:00:00	-63.530943	-38.738334	-17.033238	-10.586964	-78.199859	-69.231479	13.620022	2.123401	-1.285810	-26.848038	-10.522281	13.782936	-85.287618	-34.666523	-60.520267	-35.414779	-37.929590	-36.950872	-86.899173	-28.532481	-5.023134	-9.234038	34.863283	-32.227165	138.395987	0.687556	1.528871
2021-03-01 00:00:00	-58.164857	-24.073296	-66.056925	-69.811817	-72.511746	-69.271868	24.773850	-3.437931	-0.527309	-21.762214	-1.180624	-16.452556	-85.197025	18.965128	-47.257355	-38.835107	-86.050943	-29.424525	-93.668295	118.397727	-8.930734	1.545141	-54.224146	-49.810437	-43.714919	-10.618032	8.739103
2021-04-01 00:00:00	-50.221437	-29.838549	-91.333420	-29.044641	-66.432687	128.619113	44.913188	2.662813	1.069355	182.424404	6.024131	26.605883	-83.311491	-15.974966	-58.050523	-23.826541	-9.865694	-24.160550	-92.271199	-11.038348	-1.569770	28.786543	-51.921944	-50.195971	-21.294662	21.220961	13.946366
2021-05-01 00:00:00	-54.631227	-5.316095	-91.556641	-68.227249	-63.661557	-32.279436	31.020105	-0.465618	-1.936268	-10.808126	2.992307	5.514150	-71.056449	4.868393	-60.333940	-4.878431	-77.150625	-25.812064	-93.157723	-14.624555	-5.459756	15.207429	-53.171234	-52.704823	-40.882369	7.286055	11.474093
2021-06-01 00:00:00	-49.941794	-20.425648	-91.891209	-70.071880	-61.021499	-41.132299	24.412554	-2.055105	0.587068	3.766107	-0.599949	1.015034	-79.354329	-2.567827	-59.943605	-17.347085	-83.321890	-27.055714	-92.593692	-10.124517	-9.742054	6.207792	-54.171844	-52.191034	-41.364882	10.459777	11.581367
2021-07-01 00:00:00	-6.280593	26.368857	-91.263946	-71.315798	32.017323	-36.362839	26.194258	-2.399092	-0.555262	74.080109	-3.134399	63.400240	-38.201982	-25.653652	-62.539619	17.800127	-59.342528	-5.907824	-92.047509	-14.958638	-19.768792	8.271235	-56.734967	-45.773800	-43.856880	-1.522115	7.888610
2021-08-01 00:00:00	65.085925	138.633988	-73.221297	29.552118	nan	23.191418	23.332256	-2.330890	-0.354682	172.215138	-7.037062	53.002599	93.064796	-25.775115	86.388809	185.390778	163.135582	32.554234	-89.277731	-14.098374	-10.553581	0.271534	60.870376	-8.363852	31.569639	11.653061	9.255363
2021-09-01 00:00:00	-42.840110	-17.188909	-81.168766	34.575521	43.170332	50.699718	27.970537	-1.333519	0.820026	97.285728	-4.160559	75.608025	-55.120911	-22.894353	34.781196	-15.939760	79.144419	-23.531801	-93.423291	-14.452905	-14.417190	3.909744	-45.274360	-43.068829	60.350581	0.354618	10.556808
2021-10-01 00:00:00	-58.103896	28.354481	-90.496721	-30.497393	51.887557	-55.408300	30.905280	1.436910	0.853792	-3.954695	-3.352778	6.020302	-84.182702	-21.266036	-58.001259	-18.944887	-32.913962	-1.487122	-96.372158	2.667688	-8.552292	4.621731	-51.146906	-14.051114	-33.791622	17.426361	17.321351
2021-11-01 00:00:00	-57.222358	1.910695	-12.063854	-28.932928	-76.361937	-63.773842	23.439962	-4.854349	2.936139	-22.888386	-12.753305	-3.153863	-69.620940	-31.288701	74.509325	-17.297895	-63.745380	-34.268959	-96.672286	-13.338624	-7.589530	-4.542265	-50.011450	-24.292402	-9.078742	4.161385	10.339698
2021-12-01 00:00:00	-57.119121	-20.720295	-90.254496	-30.022570	-75.134855	-62.173759	30.891702	3.108285	2.616371	-67.120273	-7.237757	-16.036910	-53.257903	-28.969785	-7.749575	-28.959232	-78.835478	-28.467779	-96.725703	-7.264076	-0.765438	1.416438	-14.705935	-5.920381	-13.441084	10.277858	26.210980
2022-01-01 00:00:00	-53.887724	-58.817451	-71.893761	-75.835541	-78.603882	-48.755470	30.233729	0.519329	0.163635	-61.752495	-18.479320	-21.157814	-85.032923	-36.503504	-51.330691	-31.011222	-84.032214	-33.939165	-96.460207	-17.999655	-9.787503	-5.252264	-55.854212	-21.668654	-46.063580	16.765700	12.347660
2022-02-01 00:00:00	-59.038995	-12.044419	-24.735454	-72.193072	-72.470103	-74.117869	35.853071	-2.530918	-0.511721	-63.392281	1.501468	-17.686854	-85.198347	-11.262052	-35.634619	-26.761867	-56.262094	-20.144867	-94.187924	0.381525	-5.559864	1.604947	-55.005206	-25.278015	-36.378983	7.553525	16.817370
2022-03-01 00:00:00	-48.655591	0.395398	-91.189253	-71.448585	-74.036937	-74.579479	49.145191	0.814676	-0.909358	-59.893365	-12.532483	-11.207943	-83.830459	-14.531259	-58.922893	-27.795660	-56.097432	-25.433692	-96.999153	-16.988767	-5.490179	9.341489	-53.212670	-31.998764	-40.100072	26.438465	26.584344
2022-04-01 00:00:00	-47.976876	-16.145888	-87.973717	-66.852658	-70.920622	-70.712389	76.014367	-0.255754	-0.285997	-44.868310	9.958323	4.797857	-78.335932	-8.783220	-57.679394	-15.680513	-76.758790	-15.246540	-94.904132	1.958050	-3.269715	39.267404	-49.235954	-42.474933	-30.716702	24.745581	42.274004
2022-05-01 00:00:00	-52.635122	-11.604461	-90.790171	-69.061022	-71.067054	-72.516258	56.024933	-5.371562	-1.916872	-64.545722	1.390242	-3.192932	-81.601620	-11.686854	-59.774899	-1.898655	-83.396734	-20.911865	-97.802585	-1.109464	-12.656688	20.278564	-51.105994	-50.283303	-34.518537	13.571507	34.729269
2022-06-01 00:00:00	-20.206203	31.253000	-91.218394	-35.132799	63.234204	-39.649706	49.533642	-1.150574	-0.513164	15.448583	-3.692388	22.474042	-47.723423	-16.223997	-53.271330	20.273914	-72.977820	6.183463	-97.356777	-7.100203	-15.730230	9.790458	-55.895255	-48.609684	-35.893783	11.254076	29.471946
2022-07-01 00:00:00	87.081784	181.995480	-91.537689	-62.661295	219.565365	-42.576061	48.175583	3.690642	-0.547357	6.696383	-6.494664	72.289021	104.363408	-8.350218	-36.366939	93.577107	-54.812546	52.362514	-98.717153	-7.574831	-10.771972	5.021194	-55.525214	-37.133376	-32.478509	23.412672	25.097769
2022-08-01 00:00:00	-52.662246	234.149141	-91.698308	-72.894786	167.898766	-40.535840	42.207060	8.174601	5.356078	45.036927	-10.350207	53.016342	-37.311978	-21.519624	-64.913089	16.767674	-69.198773	-28.910373	-98.612218	-6.216323	-8.957908	1.165424	-57.124646	-27.345909	-43.077467	1.233890	20.233780
2022-09-01 00:00:00	-39.001538	-41.839980	-71.085583	31.174883	-75.750578	-51.189019	41.146253	-3.102569	-1.531461	22.052603	-11.095860	-13.198167	-83.610278	-30.514636	91.129470	-5.412692	-11.371861	-30.185161	-90.726585	-1.111192	-18.259392	0.889408	-49.371324	-14.264864	130.287913	9.543619	22.496634
2022-10-01 00:00:00	-62.086528	1.629159	40.403076	22.289328	-70.299596	-67.649128	35.468208	-4.792434	-2.379257	44.561851	-13.751774	11.945084	-84.782900	-30.880301	-51.171862	-14.706112	35.123280	-16.944311	-95.343236	-11.616369	-14.920183	0.723415	-57.460648	-51.749505	3.644006	27.121914	16.898736
2022-11-01 00:00:00	-60.396503	39.287489	-64.421762	-60.410089	-42.988335	-73.512434	33.417527	0.004566	1.557376	-17.408064	-16.115664	34.637606	-83.056049	-28.311078	-59.937996	-21.633608	-74.710954	-9.849630	-97.686291	-11.398063	-4.069264	-3.078018	-33.125122	-14.322299	-46.453745	42.286797	14.756379
2022-12-01 00:00:00	-49.380860	-29.416826	14.782805	-19.215818	-70.053550	-71.242530	32.878397	0.419228	-0.100202	-61.432401	-18.895485	2.542053	-67.065477	-38.391695	-8.226123	-13.675377	-87.431453	-36.865092	-95.640503	-12.706170	-8.724804	-4.369241	-38.629984	-15.573584	-25.767440	53.586398	21.989550
2023-01-01 00:00:00	-59.525387	-13.003025	-83.354629	-53.977399	-76.945048	-45.499144	44.999966	-3.615344	0.419826	-4.202878	-19.007176	-17.204065	-82.459392	-31.684435	35.877695	-21.896084	-83.167333	-35.923092	-89.725183	103.353343	-2.480797	-5.578852	175.091737	-9.344673	220.291466	31.963607	17.290721
2023-02-01 00:00:00	-48.772351	5.171360	-5.681175	-67.800952	-76.997196	-13.806157	40.206673	3.296896	1.273279	33.333449	-21.432379	-1.162853	-83.985665	48.704178	-2.906728	-21.303117	-83.270566	-30.944674	-94.176234	-15.833301	11.876530	-3.464696	-54.880768	13.039500	-30.818421	53.993687	22.942188
2023-03-01 00:00:00	-58.894071	31.623541	-55.776811	-39.883801	-75.112718	-71.962931	53.895454	12.259168	7.435469	-47.903075	-12.869882	-4.452532	-83.330689	26.726010	-63.562098	-11.055770	-51.178635	-29.696458	-94.230669	nan	-4.558247	6.119362	-58.874699	-10.930240	-45.321525	38.120442	26.600941
2023-04-01 00:00:00	-53.590005	-16.861000	-88.205969	-69.600558	-72.466562	-68.913320	61.379690	-5.433018	-2.428438	-34.203273	-7.510817	-1.147908	-83.082585	11.541847	-54.349354	-13.349386	-57.543194	-27.348980	-95.653440	124.655444	-11.507480	19.860633	-43.436395	-39.006243	-6.645665	76.957305	29.312318
2023-05-01 00:00:00	-59.279875	-0.988956	-91.642763	-71.979802	-72.823567	-74.385105	43.731988	-0.093865	-0.607183	-65.724734	-16.486570	-12.312985	-83.175909	-26.552369	-65.825151	-15.902798	-84.347525	-31.466835	-99.195617	-4.489749	-6.478870	1.148164	-60.559947	-49.857567	-44.963802	49.734055	26.098040
2023-06-01 00:00:00	-61.205951	31.549124	-91.903662	-73.129234	-73.981826	-75.393218	41.564875	-6.446665	-1.219078	-63.298916	-17.967055	-15.713636	-84.011305	-28.614599	-66.691545	-8.142634	-85.977438	-32.610559	-99.235824	-3.725102	-13.876160	-1.270916	-62.124685	-52.914799	-46.939928	35.297038	26.813598
2023-07-01 00:00:00	-5.258016	20.462631	-91.557644	-70.556477	-72.026560	-76.913489	37.823460	0.741972	1.188829	-53.743690	-24.575777	-19.413610	-9.749625	-22.750110	-64.658597	10.409752	-80.443515	-36.079456	-99.229722	-10.594825	-12.040147	-7.468204	-65.150801	-37.867694	-50.186566	47.593907	14.907505
2023-08-01 00:00:00	26.493522	191.714439	-90.837365	9.128739	243.974353	-22.870939	22.686282	-0.816994	1.142340	103.860601	-27.908701	39.455800	-45.239462	-31.043679	-68.947159	40.140088	39.295574	27.049913	-96.990999	-14.676971	-12.688945	-14.028517	-65.430574	-30.097018	3.321479	24.224738	10.419444
2023-09-01 00:00:00	-63.854765	38.696719	-77.768481	-43.921268	-76.100025	-77.085735	26.534570	-6.550402	-1.721590	-62.554257	-27.882058	-25.134460	-83.262877	-36.705244	-38.761017	-7.436275	-53.363802	-41.221872	-96.034110	-6.828905	-13.401201	-13.888521	-60.318534	-37.847183	-39.503780	36.420606	18.654236
2023-10-01 00:00:00	-62.741670	32.866356	-22.355150	-39.491160	-25.466539	-77.508483	30.377690	-1.774208	-0.633053	-56.421755	-29.284476	-24.607031	-85.392270	-37.621001	-61.307582	-3.507552	-72.571413	-21.173395	-96.516131	-2.635589	-13.012132	-13.596452	-45.684266	-16.620978	9.528209	37.099420	13.301648

Fig. 8 Monthly percent change compared to the baseline. Values in red indicate a negative percent change.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

p = figure(
    title=f"{COUNTRY}: Percent Change in Nightlights",
    width=800,
    height=800,
    x_axis_label="Date",
    x_axis_type="datetime",
    y_axis_label="Percent Change [%]",
    tools="pan,wheel_zoom,box_zoom,reset,save,box_select",
)
p.add_layout(
    Title(
        text=f"Monthly percent change in sum of lights (compared to 2012-2022 baseline) for each first-level administrative division",
        text_font_size="12pt",
        text_font_style="italic",
    ),
    "above",
)
p.add_layout(
    Title(
        text=f"Source: NASA Black Marble. Creation date: {datetime.today().strftime('%d %B %Y')}. Feedback: datalab@worldbank.org.",
        text_font_size="10pt",
        text_font_style="italic",
    ),
    "below",
)
p.add_layout(Legend(), "right")
p.add_tools(
    HoverTool(
        tooltips=[
            ("Month", "@x{%B %Y}"),
            ("Percent Change", "@y{0.00}% (2012-2022 baseline)"),
        ],
        formatters={"@x": "datetime"},
    )
)

# Renderers
hline = Span(
    location=0, dimension="width", line_color="green", line_width=3, line_dash="dotted"
)
p.renderers.extend([hline])

for column, color in zip(EGY_benchmark.columns, cc.b_glasbey_category10):
    r = p.line(
        EGY_benchmark.index,
        EGY_benchmark[column],
        legend_label=str(column[1]),
        line_color=color,
        line_width=2,
    )
    r.visible = False

    if str(column[1]) == "Cairo":
        r.visible = True

p.legend.location = "bottom_left"
p.legend.click_policy = "hide"
p.title.text_font_size = "12pt"
p.sizing_mode = "scale_both"
show(p)

Fig. 9 Monthly percent change in sum of lights (compared to 2012-2022 baseline) for each first-level administrative division.

Regional Comparison

In this step, we include other countries from the region for comparison.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

TUR = geopandas.read_file(
    "https://github.com/wmgeolab/geoBoundaries/raw/main/releaseData/gbOpen/TUR/ADM1/geoBoundaries-TUR-ADM1.geojson"
)
TUR.explore(color="red")

Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook

Fig. 10 Country borders or names do not necessarily reflect the World Bank Group’s official position. This map is for illustrative purposes and does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country or territory or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

Now, in this step, we repeat the step of downloading from NASA Black Marble.

Show code cell source Hide code cell source

TUR_VNP46A3 = bm_extract(
    TUR,
    product_id="VNP46A3",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2023-10-01", freq="MS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)
TUR_VNP46A4 = bm_extract(
    TUR,
    product_id="VNP46A4",
    date_range=pd.date_range("2012-01-01", "2022-01-01", freq="YS"),
    bearer=bearer,
    aggfunc=["mean", "sum"],
)

Finally, we compare Egypt and Türkiye in regard to sum of lights (SOL).

Limitations

See also

Limitations

References

1

Miguel O. Román, Zhuosen Wang, Qingsong Sun, Virginia Kalb, Steven D. Miller, Andrew Molthan, Lori Schultz, Jordan Bell, Eleanor C. Stokes, Bhartendu Pandey, Karen C. Seto, Dorothy Hall, Tomohiro Oda, Robert E. Wolfe, Gary Lin, Navid Golpayegani, Sadashiva Devadiga, Carol Davidson, Sudipta Sarkar, Cid Praderas, Jeffrey Schmaltz, Ryan Boller, Joshua Stevens, Olga M. Ramos González, Elizabeth Padilla, José Alonso, Yasmín Detrés, Roy Armstrong, Ismael Miranda, Yasmín Conte, Nitza Marrero, Kytt MacManus, Thomas Esch, and Edward J. Masuoka. Nasa's black marble nighttime lights product suite. Remote Sensing of Environment, 210:113–143, 2018. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003442571830110X, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.017.

2

Tilottama Ghosh, Sharolyn J. Anderson, Christopher D. Elvidge, and Paul C. Sutton. Using Nighttime Satellite Imagery as a Proxy Measure of Human Well-Being. Sustainability, 5(12):1–32, November 2013. URL: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v5y2013i12p4988-5019d30764.html.